CE 201 - STATICS

LECTURE 1
1
1
PHYSICS
MECHANICS
DEFORMABLE
BODIES
RIGID
BODIES
FLUIDS
STATICS
(CE 201)
DYNAMICS
(ME 201)
STATICS (CE 201)
DYNAMICS (ME 201)
STRUCTURAL
MECHANICS (CE 203)
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS (CE 305)
CONCRETE
DESIGN (CE 315)
STEEL
DESIGN (CE 408)
CONCRETE II (CE 415)
STEEL II (CE 418 )
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 1
2
2
* A FORCE IS FULLY REPRESENTED BY A VECTOR.
* A VECTOR IS FULLY REPRESENTED BY AN ARROW.
PARTICLES & RIGID BODIES: BASIC QUANTITIES:
SCALERS & VECTORS: VECTOR DEFINITION:
PARTI CLES : DI MENSI ONLESS
RI GI D BODI ES : HAVE DI MENSI ONS
1 - LENGTH : l, (cm, mm, m, in.)
2 - MASS : m, (kg, lb.)
3 - FORCE : f, (N, kN, lbf.)
SCALER : MAGNI TUDE ONLY (e.g. length)
VECTOR : MAGNI TUDE & DI RECTI ON
(e.g. Force, velocity).
1 - MAGNI TUDE
2 - DI RECTI ON
3 - POI NT OF
APPLI CATI ON
20 kN
force

"
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 1
3
3
VECTOR OPERATIONS
3 - Vector Subtraction:
A - B = C
4 - Resolution of a
Vector:
R = A + B
" "
"
"
" "
1 - Multiplication by a Scaler:
a ( A ) = aA
2 - Vector Addition:
A + B = R
a - ( Parallelogram law ):
b - ( Triangular law ):

" "
" " "
"
"
A
2A
A
A
B
R
B
R
"
"
"
"
"
"
a
A
B
b
"
"
R
"
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
Review Vector Algebra
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 2
1
4
VECTOR ADDITION OF FORCES
TRIANGLE LAWS:
I - SI NE LAW:
I I - COSI NE LAW:
C = A
2
+ B
2
- 2AB cos c
A
B
C
a
b
c
Ex.
R =
2
+ B - 2 B cos a
R B
=
sin u sin a
u = sin
-1

1 O
B
R
sin a
"
A
B
"
o
o
B
"
R
"
A
"
u
A
sin a
B
sin b
C
sin c
= =
2
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
a
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 2
2
5
EXAMPLE
Determine the magnitude and direction of force P such that the
resultant of the two tug boats ( P & T ) is equal to 4.00 kN.
SOLUTI ON:
4.0kN
P
"
"
T = 2.6 kN
u
20
o

Using Cosine Law:
IPI =
"
4
2
+ (2.6)
2
- 2 x 4 x 2.6 cos 20
o

IPI = 1.8 kN
"
Using Sine Law:
2.6 1.8
=
sin u
sin 20
u = 30
o

"
P
u
20
o

20
o

2.6kN
4.0kN
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 3
1
6
ADDITION OF 2-D VECTORS
F1 = F1x + F1y
F2 = F2x + F2y
= +
Fn = Fnx + Fny
" " "
" " "
" " "
y
x
"
F
"
F
"
F x
y
u
Fx = F cos u
Fy = F sin u
"
"
"
"
R = E F
i
= E F
ix
+ E F
iy

i-1 i-1 i-1

" " " "
"
R
x
= E F
ix

"
i=1

, = F
1x
+ F
2x
+ F
3x

R
y
= E F
iy

" "
i=1

, = F
1y
+ F
2y
+ F
3y

|R| = |R
x
|
2
+ |R
y
|
2

" " "
tan u = ,
|R
y
|
|R
x
|
"
"
R
y

R
R
x

u
F
3y

F
3

F
3x

F
2x

F
2y

F
2

F
1y

F
1x

F
1

"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
y
x
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
x
y
y x
F
F
F F F
~
~
sin ,
~ ~ ~
2 2
= + = u
RULE:
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 3
2
7
CARTESIAN VECTORS
|F| = |F
z
|
2
+ |F'|
2

F = F
x
+ F
y
+ F
z

|F'| = |F
z
|
2
+ |F
y
|
2
|F| = |F
x
|
2
+ |F
y
|
2
+ |F
z
|
2

" "
" " "
" " " "
" " " "
"
F = F
z
+ F'
" " "
F' = F
x
+ F
y

" " "
x
z
y
F
z

F
y

F
x

"
F
"
"
"
" F'
UNIT VECTOR
4
A
=

||
= || 4
A


4
A
1
Unit vector on the x-direction = i
Unit vector on the x-direction = j
Unit vector on the x-direction = k
"
"
"
z
y
x
j
i
"
k
"
"
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 3
3
8
=
x
+
y
+
z

|| =
2 2 2
z y x
A A A + +
= A
x
i + A
y
j + A
z
k
" " "

x


i
k
j
"
"
"
DIRECTION OF CARTESIAN VECTOR
The angle any vector makes with +ive x-axis = o
The angle any vector makes with +ive y-axis = |
The angle any vector makes with +ive z-axis =

z
y
x
o

|
cos o =
A
x

||
cos | =
A
y

||
cos =
A
z

||
, ,
4
A
= = i + j + k
A
x
A
y
A
z

"
|| |A| || ||
" "
= cos oi + cos |j + cos k
" " "
cos
2
o + cos
2
| + cos
2
= 1
= |A| cos oi + |A| cos |j + |A| cos k
" " "
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 4
1
9
Determine magnitude and direction
cosine of resultant (R) of the following
force vectors:
F1 = 5i + 15 j + 30 k (N)
F2 = 25i + 30 j + 40 k (N)
F3 = - 25j - 50 k (N)
Example 1:
"
"
"
"
"
" "
"
"
"
"
"
Solution:
R = E F
i
= F
1
+ F
2
+ F
3

n
i=1

"
" " " " "
R = 30 i + 20 j - 60 k
" " "
"
|R| = = 70 (N)
2 2 2
) 60 ( ) 20 ( ) 30 ( + +
cos o = = o = 64.6
o

30
70
R
x

|R|
cos | = = | = 73.4
o

20
70
R
y

|R|
cos = = = 149.0
o

-60
70
R
z

|R|
Check
cos
2
o + cos
2
| + cos
2
= 1
0.18 + 0.08 + 0.73 = 1
OK
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
Express the following two
vectors in cartesian form.
Find their resultant.
LECTURE 4
2
10
Example 2:
z
y
3
5
4
F
1
2
F
2
= 250N
x
60
o

60
o

45
o

30
o

F
1
= 350N
F
1
= |F
1
| cos. o i + |F.| cos. | j + |F|cos. k
= 350 Hcos. 60i + 350 Hcos. 60j + 350 x cos. 135k
= 175i + 175j - 247.5k
F
2
= |F
2
| cos. 30 i - |F
2
| sin 30 j + |F
zZ
| k
= 200 x 0.87 i - 200 x 0.5 j + 150 k
= 174 i - 100 j + 150 k
R = F
1
+ F
2

= 350 i + 75 j - 97.5 k
1
1
" " " " " " "
" " "
" " "
" " " "
" " "
" " "
" " "
" " "
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
SOLUTION:
N F F
N F F
z
150
5
3 ~ ~
200
5
4 ~ ~
2 2
2
1
2
= =
= =
CE 201 - STATICS
(x
A
, y
A
, z
A
)
(x
B
, y
B
, z
B
)
LECTURE 5
1
11
POSI TI ON VECTOR
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
AB
AB
A B A B A B AB
A B A B A B AB
A B AB
B AB A
B B B B
A A A A
r
r
u
z z y y x x r
k z z j y y i x x r
r r r
r r r
k z j y i x r
k z j y i x r
~
~
~
) ( ) ( ) (
~
~
) (
~
) (
~
) (
~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~
~ ~
~
~
~ ~
~
2 2 2
=
+ + =
+ + =
=
= +
+ + =
+ + =
x
z
y
O
A
B
AB
r
~
B
r
~
A
r
~
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 5
2
12
FORCE ALONG A LINE
F = |F| u
F

u
F
= u
AB
=
|r
AB
|
r
AB

"
"
"
F "
A
r
AB

B
"
u
AB
= u
F

"
EXAMPLE
Represent the force F in Cartesian
from its magnitude = 70N and is
directed from point A(3,4, -2)
m

towards B(1, -2, 1)
m
.
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
SOLUTION
r
A
= 3i + 4j - 2k
r
B
= i - 2j + 1k
r
AB
= r
B
- r
A
= -2i - 6j + 3k
r
AB

|r
AB
|
"
"
"
u
AB
=
"
"
"
" "
"
" "
"
" "
" "
"
|r
AB
|
"
= 2
2
+ 6
2
+ 3
2
= 7
u
AB
= i - j + k
-2 6 3
7 7 7
" "
"
F = |F| u
AB
= - 20i - 60j + 30k " " " "
" "
(m)
(m)
(m)
(m)
(N)
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 6
1
13
u
A
~
~
B
DOT PRODUCT
Definition:
A B = |A| |B| cos u
~ ~ ~ ~
A B = B A
A (B + C) = A B + A C
a(A B) = (aA) B = A (aB) = (A B)a
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~
~
~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Features:
i i =1 j j =1 k k =1
i k =0 i j =0 j k =0
~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Applications:
1 - Angle between two vectors:



2 - Component of a Vector
Along a Line:
(

=
B A
B A
cos
1 -
| | | |
~ ~
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
~
A A A
A A
u F F
u F F
~
~ ~
)
~
~
(
=
=
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 6
2
14
EXAMPLE:
Determine the angle (u) between the force vectors F
1
& F
2
.
~ ~
F
1
= 3i + 5j - 4k
F
2
= 2i - 6j + 1k
F
1
F
2
= 32 - 56 - 41 = -28
|F1| = 3
2
+ 5
2
+ 4
2
= 7.07
|F2| = 2
2
+ 6
2
+ 1
2
= 6.40
cos u = = = -0.62
F
1
F
2

-28
|F
1
|e|F
2
| 7.076.4
~ ~
~ ~
u = cos
-1
- 0.62 = 128.23
o

~
~
~ ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
(N)
(N)
(N)
(N)
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 7
1
15
EQUI LI BRI UM OF A
PARTI CLE

F
1

F
2

F
n

F
i





EF = 0
EF
x
= 0
EF
y
= 0
EF
z
= 0

Pulleys:
Springs:
EFx = 0
T cos o = T cos u
o = u
EFy = 0
2T sin u = W
W
T T
u
o
F = kA
k = Spring Coefficient
= FORCE / LENGTH
A
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
A = Displacement
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 8
1
17
A soldier wanted to cross a river 10m
wide with a 15m rope and a smooth pulley.
Will he make it ?
A
B
C
2
m

10
m

u
u
u
u
A
B
G
C
2
m

E
D
FI G.: 2
From Fig. : 2
A BCE A BED
BC = BD
GD = (15)
2
- (10)
2

= 11.2m

CE = ED =

= 4.6m

u = cos
-1
= 48.2
o
/ tan u =

BE = = = 4.11m
(11.2 -2)
2
10
15
CE
BE
CE
tan u
4.6
1.12
short of crossing
W
T T
u u
EXAMPLE:
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 7
2
16
EXAMPLE:
Find ( A ) for equilibrium ?
SOLUTION:
From Equilibrium,
E Fx = 0
4 cos o = 4 cos u
u = o
E Fy = 0
+
|
4 sinu + 4 sinu - 4 = 0
sinu =
u = 30
o
8
4
From Geometry
tan u =
A = 1 tan 30
= 0.58
m

1
A
A
2.0
m

4
kN

4
kN

4
kN

4
N

4
N

4
N

y
x
u o
A
1
m

30
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 8
2
18
Problems:
The gusset plate P is subjected to the forces of three members as shown.
Determine the force in member C and its proper orientation u for
equilibrium. The forces are concurrent at point O.
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
S
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
:

O Tsin 8
5
3
9
O F
O 8
5
4
Tcos
O F
y
x
=
| + =
=
+ =
Solve equation & for T & u
T =
u =


y
x
T
C
B
A
P
9 kN
8 kN
3
4
5
O
u
CE 201 - STATICS
LECTURE 10
2
19
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
EXAMPLE: (Prob. 3 31)
F
AB
= |F
AB
| j
F
AC
= |F
AC
| i
r
AD
= -2i -4j +4k
|r
AD
| = 2
2
+ 4
2
+ 4
2
= 6
m
U
AD
=
r
AD
|r
AD
|
U
AD
= i - j + k
-2
6
4
6
4
6
F
AD
= |F
AD
| U
AD

~ ~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
z
y
x
A
D
C
B
800
N

(2, 4, 0)
m

(0, 0, 4)
m

For Equilibrium E F
A
= 0
E F
x
= 0 E |F
AC
| - |F
AD
| = 0 .
E F
y
= 0 E |F
AB
| - |F
AD
| = 0 .
E F
z
= 0 E |F
AD
| - 800 = 0 ...
From EQU |F
AD
| = = 1200
N

From EQU |F
AC
| = x 1200 = 400
N
From EQU |F
AB
| = x 1200 = 800
N
800 x 6
4
~ ~
4
6
4
6
4
6
2
6
2
6
Q E D
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 11
1
20
CROSS PRODUCT
Definition:
1 - Magnitude:
|C| = |A| |B| sin u

2 - Direction:
Right Hand Rule

~ ~ ~
Properties:
1 - A B = - ( B A )
2 - A ( B + D ) = A B + A D
i i = o i j = k i k = -j
j i = -k j j = o j k = i
k i = j k j = -I k k = o
+
i
j
k
~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~
u
A
~
C
~
B
~
C
~
B
~
A
~
=
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTUR
E 11
2
21
+
+
+
j
~
B j
~
B i
~
B B
~
j
~
A j
~
A i
~
A A
~
z y x
z y x
+ + =
+ + =
j
~
B A k
~
B A O B
~
A
~
C
~
y x y x
+ = =
k
~
) B A B A j
~
) B A B (A i
~
) B A B (A
O i
~
B A j
~
B A i
~
B A O k
~
B A
x y y x z x x z y z z y
y z x z z y x y
+ + =
+ + + +
Alternatively:
x
x
B
A
i
B A
~
~ ~
=
y
y
B
A
j
~
z
z
B
A
k
~
x
x
B
A
i
B A
~
~ ~
=
y
y
B
A
j
~
z
z
B
A
k
~
x
x
B
A
i
~
y
y
B
A
j
~
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTUR
E 11
3
22
MOMENT OF A FORCE
M
o
F
= Moment of force (F) about point (o).
r = Position vector from (O) to any
point on the line of action of F
1 - Magnitude:




2 - Direction: Right Hand Rule
Proof
O
O
F r M
F
o
~
~
~
=
d
r
u
u
O
~
~
~
M
~
M
~
F
~
F
~
r
~
d F
sin F r M
F
~
r
~
M
~
F
o
F
o
=
=
=
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 12
1
23
Principle if Transmissibility:
Moment of Resultant
O
r
~
F
~
A force can be transmitted along its line of action!
M
o
R
= r R
= r (F
1
+ F
2
)
= r F
1
+ r F
2


M
o
R
= M
o
F
+ M
o
F

~
~
~
~
~
1
2
~
~
~ ~
~ ~
~
~
Moment of Resultant is equal
to the sum of moments of its
components.
M
o
= E M
o

~ ~
n
i = 1
R
Fi
F
~
F
1

~
F
2

~
R
~
CE 201 - STATICS
1 - Scalar Solution (A)
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 12
2
24
EXAMPLE:
SOLUTION
Find the moment of couple (F) about point (O).
2 - Scalar Solution (B)
3 - Vector Solution (C)
m N
m
d F M
d


= = e =
= =
= + =
=

=
= =
300 6 50
00 . 6 4 . 63 sin 72 . 6
4 . 63 90
, 4 . 63
32 . 6
6 1
sin
, 8 . 36
5
3
sin
1
o
o
o
o
| u o
|
u
m N
o
M

= + =
+ =
300 180 120
6 30 3 40
) (
~
300
~
120
~
180
)
~
)( 40 3 (
~
) 30 6 (
~
~
~
~
30
~
40
~
~
3
~
6
~
m N
F
o
OA
k k k
k k F r M
j i F
j i r

= + =
+ = =
+ =
+ =
40
N

50
N

30
N

O
6
m

A
3
m

F
C
d
O
B
6
m

3
m

A
o
u
|
+
+
+
O
3
4
30
N

A
3
m

6
m

OA
r
~
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 12
3
25
EXAMPLE:
Find the moment about the origin of force F (|F| = 25N),
this force is acting along the direction A (1,3,6) to B (4,5,0)..
SOLUTION
+ + =
+ = =
+ = =
= + + =
+ + =
+ + =
k j i r
k j i u F F
k j i
r
r
u
r
k j i
k j i r
OA
AB
AB
AB
AB
m
AB
AB
~
6
~
3
~
~
~
30
~
10
~
15
~
~
~
7
6 ~
7
2 ~
7
3
~
~
7 6 2 3
~
~
6
~
2
~
3
~
) 6 0 (
~
) 3 5 (
~
) 1 4 (
~
2 2 2
k j i
k j i
~
35
~
120
~
150
~
) 45 10 (
~
) 30 90 (
~
) 60 90 (
+ =
+ + + =
OR
k j i
~
35
~
120
~
150
+ =
i j k
4 5 0
15 10 -30
= = F r M
OB
F
O
~
~
~
= = F r M
OB
F
O
~
~
~
i j k i j
1 3 6 1 3
15 10 -30 15 10
_ _ _ +

+

+

CE 201 - STATICS
Cross product is executed first
followed by Dot product,
or:
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 13
1
26
Moment of a Force about an Axis:
M
o
F
= r F
|M
aa
| = u
aa
M
o
F

,M
aa
| = u
aa
(r F)
O
r
F
~
This is called Triple Product.
u
aa
= u
ax
i + u
ay
j + u
az
k
r = r
x
i + r
y
j + r
z
k
F = F
x
i + F
y
j + F
z
k
a
a
M
aa
~
~ ~ ~
~
~
~ ~
~
~
~
~
~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~
~
~
~
~ ~
u
ax
u
ay
u
az

r
x
r
y
r
z

F
x
F
y
F
z

=
aa
M
~
F
o
M
~
CE 201 - STATICS
Find the force F about axis AB.
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 13
2
27
x
z
y
A
C B(-3,2,4)
(7,-3,1)
(1,5,2)
r
BC

k j i F
~
25
~
30
~
20
~
+ =
EXAMPLE:
k j i
k j i r
k j i u
r
k j i
k j i r
BC
AB
m
AB
AB
~
2
~
3
~
4
~
) 4 2 (
~
) 2 5 (
~
) 3 1 (
~
~
26 . 0
~
43
~
86
~
57 . 11 ) 3 ( ) 5 ( ) 10 (
~
~
3
~
5
~
10
~
) 1 4 (
~
) 3 2 (
~
) 7 3 (
~
2 2 2
+ =
+ + + =
+ + =
= + + =
+ + =
+ + + =
F r u M
BC AB
F
AB
~
~ ~
- =
-0.86
4
-20
+0.43
3
-30
+0.26
-2
25
-0.86
4
-20
0.43
3
-30
=
= - 64.5 + 17.2 - 31.2 + 15.6 + 51.6 - 43.0
= -54.3
N m

k j i u M M
AB
F
AB
F
AB
~
0 . 14
~
35 . 23
~
7 . 46
~
~
+ = =
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 15
1
28
MOMENT OF A COUPLE:
COUPLE is defined as two parallel forces,
equal in magnitude, and opposite in direction.
M
o
c
= r
A
(-F) + r
B
F
= (r
B
- r
A
) F

M
o
c
= r F
Moment of a couple about any point
in the space is a constant quantity and
is independent of the location of the point.
O
r
~
F
~
-F
~
~
r
A

r
B

-F
~
F
~
d
~
~
~
~
~
~ ~
~
~ ~
~
r
A
+ r = r
B

r
B
- r
A
= r
~ ~
~
~ ~ ~
d F
~
M
~
c
o
- =
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 15
1
29
FREE VECTOR:
A vector with no fixed
point of application.

e.g. M
c

RESULTANT COUPLE:
~
M
c

M
c

M
c

~
~
~
M
R

~
EQUI VALENT
COUPLES:
|M| = |F| d
= Constant
~ ~
2
m

3
m

6
m

60
N

60
N

20
N

20
N

40
N

40
N

c
z
c
i R
M
~
M
~
M
~
+ =
c
z
M
~
c
i
M
~
c
z
M
~
c
i
M
~
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE 15
2
30
EXAMPLE:
SOLUTION
A) Scalar Solution:
m N
m
d F M
AD
AB
AD

= = =
=

=
= =
240 8 . 4 50
8 . 4
5
4 6
5
4
sinu
o
M
+ + =

m N
=
=
240
240 480
0 6 40 0 12 40
B) Scalar Solution:
C) Vector Solution:
m N c
o
AB
AB
c
o
k M
j i F
i j i r
F r M

=
=
= + =
=
~
240
~
~
40
~
30
~
~
6
~
0
~
) 6 12 (
~
~
~
~
O

4
3
50
N

50
N

6
m
6
m

Find the moment of couple (F) about point (O).
5
3
4
u
D
B A
6
m

O
A
B
40
N

30
N

30
N

40
N

A B
F
~

j i F
~
40
~
30
~
=
AB
r
~
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTUR
E 16
1
31
MOVEMENT OF FORCE:
F
~
A) TRANSLATION OF FORCE
ALONG ITS LINE OF ACTION:



B) TRANSLATION OF FORCE
OUTSIDE ITS LINE OF ACTION:

When F is moved from (A) to (B)
it becomes:

F + M
c

where
M
c
= r
BA
F

M is free vector
F
~
F
~
B
A
~
M
c

F
~
F
~
-F
~
B
A
~ ~
~ ~ ~
~
B
CE 201 - STATICS
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
16
2
32
RESULTANT OF A FORCE SYSTEM:
F
R
= E F
i

M
R
= E M
i

M
i
= r
oi
F
i

where
n
n
i-1
i-1
~ ~
~ ~
~
~
~
~
M
R

O
F
R

~
F
n

~
F
2

~
F
1

~
M
O
~
O
F
2

~
F
n

~
F
1

~
M
M
n

M
i

~
~
~
CE 201 - STATICS
m
OC
m
OB
m
OA
i r
i r
i r
~
11
~
~
6
~
~
3
~
=
=
=
j i i j j i F F
n
i
R
~
30 cos 70
~
30 sin 70
~
20
~
35
~
40
~
30
~ ~
1
+ = =

=
Dr. Mustafa Y. Al-Mandil
Department of
Civil Engineering
LECTURE
16
3
33
EXAMPLE:
Reduce the force system into a single force & single couple at (O).
SOLUTION
O

4
3
50
N
35
N

70
N

20
N

30

3
m
3
m
5
m

A B C
F
R
= -25 i - 15 j
N

M
R
= 330 k
N m

~
~
y
x
25
N

15
N

330 N m
~
~
~
m N
R
k k k
j i i
i j i j i i M

+ =
+
+ + =
~
660
~
210
~
120
)
~
30 cos 70
~
30 sin 70
~
20 (
~
11 )
~
35 (
~
6 )
~
40
~
30 (
~
3