TACTICAL MISSILE

GUIDANCE AND CONTROL

CHAPTER 1
SYSTEM OF CO-ORDINATE AXES
INTRODUCTION
 REFERENCE SYSTEM HELPS IN
UNDERSTANDING FORCES ACTING ON THE
MISSILE AND TO CONSIDER ITS MOTION IN
SPACE
SYSTEMS OF CO-ORDINATE AXES
 EARTH-BASED SYSTEM
 BODY AXES SYSTEM

 CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY SYSTEM

 WIND SYSTEM OF CO-ORDINATE AXES

 CONDITIONALLY MOVING SYSTEM

EARTH BASED SYSTEM
 CONSIDERS THE MOTION OF CENTRE OF
GRAVITY OF THE MISSILE
 THE SYSTEM DETERMINES THE POSITION OF
THE EARTH’S GRAVITY FORCE VECTOR G WITH
RESPECT TO THE EARTH BASED SYSTEM OF
AXES AND ALSO COMPUTES THE ALTITUDE OF
THE FLIGHT H OF THE GUIDED MISSILE
 UNDER ASSUMPTION THAT THE DURATION OF
THE MISSILE IS SHORT, ROTATION OF EARTH IS
NOT TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT MAKING THE
SYSTEM STATIONARY IN SPACE
EARTH BASED SYSTEM

Ye

Xe
O

Radius
Ze of Earth

EARTH
SYSTEM OF BODY AXES
 IN THIS SYSTEM, ORIGIN IS THE CENTRE OF
GRAVITY (S) OF THE MISSILE DURING ITS ENTIRE
FLIGHT
 SYSTEM MOVES WITH RESPECT TO EARTH-BASED
SYSTEM OR CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY SYSTEM
OF AXES
 SINCE FLIGHT CONTROL AND STABILISATION OF
MISSILE IS WITH RESPECT TO THE PLANES OF ITS
WINGS (ROLL,PITCH & YAW), AXES ARE PREFERRED
TO BE DIRECTED ALONG THE UPPER LEFT HAND
WING (SY*b) AND UPPER RIGHT HAND WING (SZ*b)
RESPECTIVELY WITH NO CHANGE IN
LONGITUDINAL AXIS (SXb)
SYSTEM OF BODY AXES
Yba Xb
Z
Y*ba *ba

S
Zb
SYSTEM OF BODY AXES
 ENGINE THRUST, T, AND RUDDERVATOR
DEFLECTION ANGLES ARE CALCULATED WITH
RESPECT TO THE BODY AXES
CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY
SYSTEM OF AXES
 THIS SYSTEM IS USED WHEN MISSILE IS ROLL
STABILISED
 SIMILAR TO EARTH-BASED SYSTEM, ORIGIN IS
CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF MISSILE
 HOWEVER, X AXIS (OXcs) COINCIDES WITH THE
DIRECTION OF LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF MISSILE
AT LAUNCHING MOMENT
CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY
SYSTEM OF AXES Xcs
Ycs
Yba

Zba
Zc γ

Ycs Xcs

Zc
CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY
SYSTEM OF AXES
 CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY AXES SYSTEM IS
CONSIDERED STATIONARY WITH RESPECT TO
EARTH-BASED AXES SYSTEM THROUGHOUT
THE FLIGHT PERIOD OF THE MISSILE
 TWIST ANGLE, γ, IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE
RESPECTIVE CONDITIONALLY STATIONARY AXIS
AND BODY AXIS DURING THE MISSILE FLIGHT
WHICH HAS TO BE COMPENSATED
WIND SYSTEM OF AXES
 SYSTEM IS SIMILAR TO BODY AXES SYSTEM
WHERE ORIGIN COINCIDES WITH CENTRE OF
GRAVITY OF MISSILE IN ENTIRE FLIGHT
 HOWEVER, X-AXIS IS DIRECTED ALONG
VELOCITY VECTOR OF THE GUIDED MISSILE. Y-
AND Z-AXES ARE MUTUALLY PERPENDICULAR
ALONG WITH X-AXES
WIND SYSTEM OF AXES
Ywnd

α
X
V wnd

Z
wnd
WIND SYSTEM OF AXES
 WIND AXES SYSTEM IS USED FOR
CALCULATING AERODYNAMIC FORCES ON THE
MISSILE
COMPUTING ANGLE OF ATTACK, α
CONDITIONALLY MOVING
SYSTEM OF AXES
 THIS SYSTEM IS USED TO DETERMINE
POSITION OF GUIDED MISSILE WITH RESPECT
TO THE GUIDANCE SYSTEM IN THE PROCESS
OF GUIDING THE MISSILE TO THE TARGET
CONDITIONALLY MOVING
SYSTEM OF AXES
Ycm

xcm

ξ
r

O’

Zcm
CONDITIONALLY MOVING
SYSTEM OF AXES
 ORIGIN OF SYSTEM IS STATIONARY AND
COINCIDES WITH CENTRE OF ROTATION OF
MISSILE GUIDANCE RADAR ANTENNA
 AXIS O’Xcm COINCIDES WITH DIRECTION OF
TARGET LINE OF SIGHT (LOS)
 O’Ycm LIES IN ELEVATION PLANE OF TARGET
TRACKING RADAR (TTR)
 O’Zcm LIES IN AZIMUTH PLANE OF TTR

 THUS SYSTEM O’XcmYcmZcm IS ALWAYS

MOVING WITH RESPECT TO MOTION OF
TARGET
CONDITIONALLY MOVING
SYSTEM OF AXES
 THIS SYSTEM IS USED FOR COMPUTING
DISTANCE OF MISSILE FROM MISSILE GUIDANCE
RADAR (r)
DISPLACEMENT ANGLE OF MISSILE WITH RESPECT
TO TARGET LOS (ξ)
TRANSLATIONAL DISPLACEMENT OF MISSILE FROM
ITS IDEAL TRAJECTORY (h)
CONCLUSION
 DEPENDING ON THE REQUIREMENT, A
PARTICULAR SYSTEM OF AXES IS CHOSEN
ANY QUESTIONS…..COMMENTS…???