Formulario Fsca ptica

y Acstica
M.A.S:

1
E = xw2 A2
2

Pmedia =
k
= 2f
m

w=

x = ACos(wt + ) = Arctan(

1
T w2 A2
2
P
Imedia =
A
I1
I2
= 2
r22
r1

P =
vx o
)
wxo

vx = AwSin(wt + )
ax = Aw2 Cos(wt + )

A=

xo +

Ondas Electromagnticas:

vx o
w2

Eenergia en M.A.S:

v=

m
1
= 3 108 = c
o o
s

1
1
1
E = mvx2 + Kx2 = KA2
2
2
2

E(x, t) = Emax Coskx wt

Onda Mecnica

B(x, t) = Bmax Coskx wt

y = ACos(kx wt)

Emax = c Bmax

k=

Energa e Intensidad en Onda Electromagntica:

1 2
1
B U = UE + UB
UE = o E 2 = UB =
2
2o

2
T
w

v = f =
=
k
T
w = 2f =

2
cBmax
E2
S =
= max
2o
2o c

dy
= AwSin(kx wt) vtmax = Aw
dt

Onda Estacionaria

d2 y
= Aw2 Cos(kx wt) atmax = Aw2
dt2

y = 2ASin(kx)sin(wt)

vt =
at =

E
t

y = Asw sin(wt) Asw = 2ASin(kx)

dy
Curvatura =
= kASin(kx wt)
dx
CurvaturaP endiente =

3 5
, , , ...
4 4 4

3
nodo x = 0, , , , 2, ...
2
2

antinodo x =

d2 y
= k 2 ACos(kx wt)
dy 2 x

Frecuencias Fundamentales:

Ecuacin de onda:
d2 y
1 d2 y
=

dx2
v 2 dt2

n =

Fuerza de tensin:
=

2l
n

v
v
n
n
fn =
= 2l = v =
n
2l
2l
n

T
=v

Reexin:

Eenerga, Potencia e Intensidad:

i = r

Refraccin:
n=

c
0
=
n1 Sin(1 ) = n2 Sin(2 )
v

r2 r1 = = m m = 0, 1, 2, 3... Constructiva
(

c = 0 f v1 = 1 f

Reexin total interna

= dSin() dSin() = m
(

2 = 90 , 1 = c
Sinc =

1
r2 r1 = = m +
m = 0, 1, 2, 3... Destructiva
2
)

dSin() = m +

n2
n1

Posicin Zona Brillante:

Polarizacin:

<< 1 sin() tan()

M alus I = Imax Cos2 ()

yb =

n2
n1

Browster T an(p ) =

mR
d
1
2

m+
yosc =

Espejos, Lentes:
s = s y = y m = 1

R
d

Intensidad en el patron:

Espejos Esfricos y Lentes:

( )

I = Io Cos
R
2

2
2
(r2 r1 ) =
dSin()

2
o
=K=

n
(
)
(
)
2 2 dSin()
2 d
I = Io Cos
= Io Cos
sin()

y
s
=
y
s

Si << 1 sin() tan()

(

Refraccin supercies esfricas:

I = Io Cos2

nb na
na nb
+ =
s
s
R

M inimos Sin() = m

Si << 1 sin() tan()

En Supercies planas:

ym =

na nb
+ =0
s
s

mR
a

Intensidad Fraunhofer:

Fabricante Lente:
(

d y

Difraccin Fraunhofer:

na s
y
=
y
nb s

1
1
1
= (n 1)

f
R1 R2

1
1
1
+ =
s s
f

m=

yb yb =

m=

Distancia Entres dos Zonas oscuras o birllantes:

Espejo plano:

f=

sin

( )

E = Eo ( )

Intereferencia

2
aSin()

2 y
a
R

sin

( ) 2

2
I = Io ( )

I = Io

sin

aSin()

) 2

a
Sin()

Sonido
y(x, y) = ACos(kx wt)

gas v =

RT
M

f ludo v =

metal v =

v=

2
Pmax
2I

Onda de presin:
P (x, t) = kACos(kx wt)
Pmax = kA

Intensidad:
1
I = wkA2
2
1
w2 A2
2
2
Pmax
I=
2

I=

I
I = 10log
[db]
Io

Constantes:
o = 4 107

N
A2

0 = 8,854187 1012

C2
N m2

aire = 1, 42 105 P a
m
vsonido = 343 344
s