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ODA010002 TCP/IP Protocol and Subnet Planning

ISSUE 1.1
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This slides will introduce TCP/IP protocol group, function of layers of TCP/IP protocol and IP subnet planning.

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Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model Describe function of layers of TCP/IP

Describe classification of IP addresses

Plan subnet by IP addresses

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Chapter 1 TCP/IP Protocol Chapter 2 Subnet Planning

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TCP/IP and OSI Model

TCP/IP has simple hierarchical design In clear corresponding relations with OSI reference model.

OSI reference model

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

TCP/IP
Application layer

Application layer

Presentation layer
Conversation layer

Transport layer
Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer

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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

Application Layer HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, Ping, etc TCP/UDP
ICMP

Provide application program network interfaces Establish terminal to terminal connection Addressing and route selecting Physical media access

Transport Layer
IP

Interconnection Layer

ARP/RARP

Data link Layer

Ethernet, 802.3, PPP, HDLC, FR, etc Interfaces and wires/cables

Physical Layer

Binary data flow transmission

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Data Encapsulation

TELNET 23

FTP 20/21

SMTP 25

TFTP 69

TCP/UDP
6/17 IP PACKETS FRAMES BITS

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Application Layer
File transfer

FTP, TFTP
Mail service

SMTP, POP3
Network management

SNMP, Telnet, Ping, Tracert

Network service

HTTP, DNS, WINS

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Transport Layer Overview

Application layer
Transport layer

TCP UDP

Network layer

Data Link layer

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TCP/UDP Header Format

0
8 16 bits source port 16 bits UDP length Data 0

16

24
16 bits destination port 16 bits UDP checksum

31

8 16 bits source port

UDP header format 16

24

31

16 bits destination port

32 bits sequence number

32 bits acknowledge number

URG

ACK

SYN

FIN

PSH

RST

offset

Reserved(6 bits

16 bits window size 16 bits urgent pointer

16 bits TCP checksum Options Data

TCP header format

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Port Number
TCP protocol uses port numbers to mark and distinguish

various application programs.

HTTP FTP Telnet SMTP DNS TFTP SNMP

80

20/21

23

25

53

69

161

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Socket

TCP

UDP

IP data packet

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TCP Connection
Internet client server

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Slide Window

To modify the widows size

The sender is too fast

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Network Layer Overview

Application layer

IP
Transport layer

ARP
Network layer

RARP
ICMP

Data Link layer

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IP Header Format
0 4 8 Message length Service type Flag 16 Total length Chip offset 31

Version

Identification

Time to live

Protocol

Message header checksum

Source IP address Destination IP address IP options

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ARP
This is my Ethernet address 00-E0-FC-0000-12 IP:10.0.0.1/24 MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-11 I need the Ethernet address of 10.0.0.2 ARP Reply

IP:10.0.0.2/24 MAC:00-E0-FC-00-00-12

ARP Request?

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RARP
Your IP address is 10.0.0.1

Diskless workstation

RARP Reply

RARP Server

What is my IP address? RARP Request?

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ICMP

I am here.

B
ICMP Echo Reply

Is B accessible?

ICMP Echo Request

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Chapter 1 TCP/IP Protocol

Chapter 2 Subnet Planning

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Introduction to IP Address
IP address uniquely identifies a piece of network equipment Private IP addresses

10.110.192.111

20.130.188.144

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Classification of IP Addresses
0
Network(7bit)

Host(24bit)

Class A

1 0 Network(14bit)

Host(16bit)

Class B

1 1 0 Network(21bit)

Host(8bit)

Class C

1 1 10

Multicast address

Class D

1 111 0

Reserved

Class E

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Special IP Addresses
Network part Any Host part Completely0 Address type Network address Broadcast address Loopback address Use Representing a network Segment All the nodes of a Specially designated network segment Loop test Huawei Quidway router used All networks Designate default routes All nodes of Local network segment
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Any

Completely1

127

Any

Completely0

Completely1

Broadcast address

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Addressing without Subnet

Using nature mask Class B segment 172.16.0.0 with mask 255.255.0.0

172.16.30.1

172.16.28.1

Ethernet

172.16.30.10
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Addressing with Subnets

Class B segment 172.16.0.0

172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0

Ethernet

Ethernet

172.16.8.1 255.255.255 .0
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Subnet Planning

201.222.5.8 255.255.255.248
201.222.5.0 255.255.255.0

201.222.5.9 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.16 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.17 255.255.255.248 201.222.5.25 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.33 255.255.255.248

201.222.5.24
255.255.255.248 201.222.5.32 255.255.255.248

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Example of Planning Class B

Subnet address 172.16.2.0

Host address
Broadcast address

172.16.2.1172.16.2.254
172.16.2.255

IP host address

172.16.2.120

Subnet mask

255.255.255.0

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Example of Planning Class C

Subnet address 192.168.5.0

Host address
Broadcast address

192.168.5.121-192.168.5.126
192.168.5.127

IP host address

192.168.5.121

Subnet mask

255.255.255.248

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Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

192.168.1.32/27
192.168.1.160/30

192.168.1.64/27

ISP
Announce 192.168.1.0

192.168.1.164/30

192.168.1.168/30

192.168.1.96/27

192.168.1.172/30

192.168.1.128/27

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Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

CIDR reduces scale of routing table and enhances network

extensibility. 198.168.1.0

Internet

Announce route 198.168.0.0/16

198.168.2.0

ISP
198.168.3.0

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Summary

TCP/IP stack and OSI reference model Protocols of TCP/IP stack Principle of IP subnet planning Example of planning IP subnet

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Thank You
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