Chemistry Project

The meeting of two personalities is like the contact of two chemical substances: if

there is any reaction, both are transformed.

___C.G.Jung

Aim is to find Determination of Contents of Cold Drinks

Submitted by:

Umair Husain XII-D

44

Certificate
This is hereby to certify that the original and genuine investigation work has been carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection & investigation has been completed solely, sincerely & outstandingly by UMAIR HUSAIN of class XII-D, DAV Public School,

Regarding the topic_Determination of contents of Cold Drinks

This is submitted for complete fulfillment of the requirement of the senior secondary certificate

Mrs.Rajju (Chemistry Teacher)

*IndeX*
1. Introduction 2. Theory 3. Aim 4. Apparatus 5. Chemicals Required 6. Detection of pH 7. Test for CO2 8. Test for Glucose(C6H12O6) 9. Test for Phosphate(PO43-) 10. Test for Alcohol(R-OH) 11. Test for Sucrose(C12H22O11) 12. Result 13. Conclusion +Bibliography

^Introduction^
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India marked its beginning with launching of Limca & Gold spot by Parley group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many MNCs launched their brands in India like Pepsi & Coke. Nowadays, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Fanta & Limca to give feeling of lightness while Pepsi & Thumbs up to activate pulse & brain.

Theory
Cold drinks of different brands & composed of alcohol, 3carbohydrates, CO2, PO4 , etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth, lightness & have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. CO2 is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The CO2 gas is dissolve in water to form carbonic acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and r major source of energy to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H2O)y. On the basis of their molecular size carbohydrates are classified as Mono, Di & Polysaccharides. Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6.It occurs in Free State in ripens grapes in bones & also in many

sweet fruits. It is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful Disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds & also in flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20% sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17% sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH value also depends on the acidic behavior.

AiM
Quantitative & Comparitative analysis of different brands of Cold drinks available in the market.

Apparatus
1. Test tube holder 2. Stopwatch 3. Beaker 4. Bunsen burner 5. pH paper 6. Tripod stand 7. China Dish 8. Wire gauze 9. Water bath

Chemicals Required
1. Iodine soln 2. KI 3. NaOH 4. Lime Water 5. Fehlings A & B soln 6. Con(HNO3)

Detection of pH Experiment
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube & put on the pH paper. The change in color of pH paper was noticed & was compared with standard pH scale. ObservatioN S.no. Name Observation Conclusion

Inference

Soft Drinks are acidic

Test for CO2 Experiment As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the samples were passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky. Observation
S.no. Name Time taken Conclusion

5. 6. 7. 8.

Coke Sprite Limca Fanta

28 20 38 36

CO2 present CO2 present CO2 present CO2 present

Inference Soft Drinks contains CO2

Test for Glucose Experiment

Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test.

#1 Benedicts Reagent Test

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedicts Reagent were added. The test tubes was heated for few seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed GLUCOSE.

Observation S.no 9. 10. 11. 12. Name Coke Sprite Limca Fanta Observation Conclusion

Inference All soft drinks contain Glucose

Fehlings sol test

Small samples of cold drinks were taken in test tubes & few drops of Fehlings A soln & B soln was added in equal amount. The test tube was heated in water bath for 10 min. Appearance of brown ppt. confirms the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

Observations
S.no. 13. 14. 15. 16. Name Coke Sprite Limca Fanta Observation Conclusion

Inference Glucose is present in soft drinks

Test for PO42Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and ammonium molybdate followed by con. HNO3 was added to it. The soln was heated. Appearance of canary yellow ppt. confim the presence of PO42-

Observation

Inference PO42- is present in soft drinks

Test for Alcohol

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and I2 followed by KI & NaOH soln was added to each test tube then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30 min. Appearance of yellow coloured ppt. confimed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.

Observation

Inference Soft drinks contain R-OH

Test for Sucrose

5ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate chna dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occu. Black color residue left confimed the presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

Observations

Inference All cold drinks contain sucrose

ResultS
After conducting several tests, it is concluded that different brands of cold drinks namely:

1COKE 2SPRITE 3LIMCA 4FANTA

All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate & carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of different brands COKE is most acidic and LIMCA is least acidic of all the 4 brands taken. Among the 4 samples of cold drinks taken, sprite has a max. amount of dissolve CO2 & fanta has the min. amount of dissolved CO2.

Precautions
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are : 1. Conc. Solns should be handled with immense care. 2. Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment. 3. If possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage. 4. If chemicals come into contact their skin or eyes, flushed immediately with copious amounts of water. 5. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your workstation. 6. Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself.

Conclusion
Dis advantages of cold drinks: 1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which causes problems in diabetic patients. 2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the bodys natural ability to suppress hunger feeling. 3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the Ca so they are also harmful for our bones. 4. Soft drinks contain phosphoric acid which has a pH of 2.8.So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days. 5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly conceive material. 6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are harmful to our body.

Uses Of Cold Drinks

1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners. 2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers. 3. They clean corrosion from car batterys terminals. 4. They are used as an excellent detergent to remove grease from clothes. 5. They can loose a rusted bolt. [Bibliography] Following books and websites were a source for my project. www.wikipedia.com www.yahooanswers.com www.khanacademy.com www.meritnation.com

Thank you for devoting your valuable time for inspecting my work.