Extending or changing the meaning of a verb: phrasal verbs

SECTION A. INTRODUCTION 1. Match the verbs in the left column the ri#ht column% to "eal ith to be after to !lea" for to carr$ on to !rovi"e for to as' for to account for to ait for ith their corres!on"in# s$non$ms in to e&!lain to "eman" to e&!ect to treat to ant to continue to re(uest to su!!l$

). The secretar$ of a com!an$ is tellin# her frien" about hat ha!!ene" in her office some "a$s a#o. Re!lace the un"erline" verbal !hrases in the te&t ith their corres!on"in# s$non$ms from the list #iven here% endure, renounce, stop working, install, discover, exceed, start, arrive, cause. On Mon"a$ the fa& machine in m$ office bro'e "o n. At first I o!ene" it u! an" #ot "o n to fi&in# it but after one hour I foun" out that it as too "ifficult an" #ave u! tr$in#. I ante" to fit u! the "is!atche" !arts of the machine but of course I coul"n*t an" that*s hen I reali+e" that this men"in# ,ob ent be$on" m$ com!etence. Then I "eci"e" to re!ort the situation to m$ boss- ho sai" that he oul"n*t !ut u! ith such inconvenience hich coul" brin# about serious "ela$s in our activit$. So- e calle" u! the re!airman ho turne" u! imme"iatel$ an" easil$ solve" the !roblem.

SECTION .. STUD/ The un"erline" constructions in Section A ). are calle" phrasal verbs. This is a s!ecial #rou! of verbs hich consist of t o or three or"s. The$ ma$ ta'e several forms% - a verb follo e" b$ an a"verb% Our com!an$ has or'e" ver$ har" to s!ee" u! "eliver$. After finishin# his s!eech- the CEO sat "o n. All subscribers to our !ro#ram must fill in this form in "u!licate. - a verb follo e" b$ a !re!osition% Our in"ustrial su!!liers !romise" that the$ oul" fit us ith the missin# machine !arts in a ver$ short hile. Searchin# throu#h m$ ol" files- I came across the a#reement he ha" mentione". If e ant to #o to that conference abroa"- e ill have to !a$ for the services of a translator. 0 a verb follo e" b$ an a"verb an" a !re!osition% 1e loo' for ar" to meetin# $our sales re!resentative at the tra"e fair. It as "ifficult for him to #et this ,ob because he ran u! a#ainst stron# com!etitors. If e invest in maintenance e*ll be able to cut bac' on the e&cessive costs involve" in bu$in# ne e(ui!ment too often. .$ combinin# a verb an" an a"verb or !re!osition in this manner- e can e&ten" the usual meanin# of the verb 2to fall down has the same meanin# as to fallonl$ em!hasi+e"3 or create a ne meanin#- "ifferent from the one that the verb has on its o n 2to call 4 to ma'e an a!!eal but to call off 4 to cancel- to aban"on3. Some !hrasal verbs 'ee! the in"ivi"ual meanin#s of their !arts% M$ secretar$ has brou#ht bac' the re!ort. 1oul" $ou li'e to see it5 Other !hrasal verbs have a "ifferent meanin# from the in"ivi"ual !arts% 6e ma"e u! a stor$ to e&!lain his "ela$ in sen"in# the #oo"s.

Note that !hrasal verbs are never ritten as a sin#le or" or ith a h$!hen. 6ere is a list of commonl$ use" !hrasal verbs hich consist of t o or"s% abi"e b$ aboun" in account for act for a"" u! a"vertise for a#ree on7u!on a#ree ith aim at7for allo for ans er for ans er to a!!l$ for a!!l$ to a!!rove of as' for auction off bac' u! balance out be over be throu#h be ith belon# to boo' in boo' u! brea' "o n brea' in brea' off brea' u! brin# about brin# bac' brin# for ar" buil" u! burn u! bu$ out bu$ u! call in call for call off carr$ on carr$ out catch u! char#e ith chec' in chec' on chec' u! close "o n close out close u! close ith com!are to com!are ith con#ratulate on connect ith consist of consist in corres!on" to7 ith count on count u! cover a#ainst cut "o n "eal in "eal ith "eci"e on7u!on "efen" a#ainst7from "e!en" on7u!on "istribute to "ress u! embar' on7u!on entitle to e&cel in fall a!art fill in fin" out fit out fit u! fi& u! fol" u! #et to #o for #o over han" in han" out han" over hire out hol" on in(uire about in(uire into interfere ith intro"uce to involve in 'ee! on 'ee! u! 'no about7of leave for line u! loa" u! loo' for loo' u! ma'e u! match ith meet ith ob,ect to occur to o!t for o e to !a$ bac' !a$ for !a$ off !a$ u! !ic' out !ic' u! !lea" for !lot a#ainst !resent ith !rovi"e for !rovi"e ith !ut for ar" refer to rel$ on7u!on resi#n from result in return to rin# u! run for search for see' after7for sell out sen" for set about sho off si#n on si#n over si#n u! sort out s!ea' for s!ea' u! s!ee" u! stan" for succee" in sum u! ta'e bac' ta'e over thin' about7of thin' over tra"e for tra"e in treat ith turn "o n turn in turn out turn u! ait for ei#h in7u! or' out 6ere is a list of three0 or" !hrasal verbs% be in for be u! to call out for catch u! ith come u! to come u! ith cut bac' on "ate bac' to face u! to fall bac' on fall in ith #et a a$ ith #et "o n to #et on ith #ive u! on #o alon# ith #o in for 'ee! u! ith lea" u! to live u! to loo' "o n on loo' for ar" to loo' out for loo' u! to ma'e u! for ma'e u! to match u! to measure u! to miss out on !ut "o n for !ut in for !ut u! ith rea" u! on run out of run u! a#ainst ta'e u! ith tal' "o n to tal' out of +ero in on

SECTION C. 8RACTICE 1. 9ill in the missin# !re!ositions% to refer :.. someone to loo' :.. somethin# to a#ree :.. someone to allo :.. somethin# to a!!rove :.. somethin# to insist :.. somethin# to ait :.. someone to a#ree :.. somethin# to consist :.. somethin# to hear :.. somethin# to rel$ :.. someone to a!!l$ :.. somethin# to a!olo#i+e :.. somethin# to "e!en" :.. somethin#

). 6ere is an e&tract from a tele!hone conversation. Com!lete the #a!s in this "ialo#ue ith the ri#ht !hrasal verbs from the list belo . 1or' in !airs. get down to, check on, hand in, catch up with, appeal to, go over, act for, keep up ;im% I*m callin# $ou because I nee" to :::: the latest ne s on our a"vertisin# cam!ai#n. 6o is it #oin#5 Sam% 1ell- three "a$s a#o e "eci"e" to :::: it seriousl$- so e :::: the a#enc$ $ou ha" mentione" before leavin# for the ca!ital. ;im% O'< 6ave $ou :::: them to see if the !lans for the cam!ai#n are rea"$5 Sam% /es- Alice has calle" them ,ust an hour a#o an" the$ sai" that the outline as rea"$ but the$ ante" to :::: the "etails once a#ain before ::: them :... to us. ;im% That*s #oo" ne s. =oo'- I nee" to sta$ here for a fe more "a$s in or"er to com!lete the mar'et surve$ I*ve been or'in# on. 1ho is re!lacin# me in the office5 Sam% Alice has been :::: $ou so far an" I can assure $ou she*s "oin# a ver$ #oo" ,ob of it. ;im% All ri#ht< :::: the #oo" or'. I*ll ,oin $ou in a cou!le of "a$s. >. 8lacin# a tic' ne&t to them- in"icate hich verbs in each list have the same meanin# as the !hrasal verbs ritten in bol"% to give away to surren"er to betra$ to #ive free of char#e

to bring about

to carr$ to cause to ha!!en to trans!ort to roll to a!!ear to increase to sho u! to tra"e in to e&chan#e to "o business in to "oublecross to e&!ort to "is!ose of the entire stoc' to sell thin#s outsi"e to en"ure to unloa" to !ut into !ractice to !refer to be "ifferent to arran#e in cate#ories to "istin#uish to #ive full attention to to focus on to cancel to "ecrease to !rove to ,u"#e favorabl$ to !refer to su##est to !lace in front of to !ro!ose

to turn up

to deal in

to sell out

to carry out

to sort out

to zero in on

to approve of

to put forward

to recommen" to sum up to e&!lain to amount to to summari+e to increase to continue countin# to chec' to rel$ on

to count on

?. 9ill in the blan's ith of, off, out or on accor"in# to the meanin#% a3 I coul"n*t bu$ an$ more !aintin#s. The e&hibition ha" been so successful that the$ ere all sol" :.. . b3 The refiner$ ent ban'ru!t- so its o ner as force" to auction :.. all the e(ui!ment. c3 1e*ve run :.. :.. in' for the !rintin# machine. 1ill $ou #o out an" bu$ some5 "3 Du!licate" material illustratin# the lecture as han"e" :.. to all the !artici!ants in the conference room. e3 Do $ou all a!!rove :.. the ne mar'et strate#$ "esi#ne" b$ our collea#ue5 f3 I thin' it*s time for us to "eci"e :.. hether to "ecrease the number of or'in# hours or increase the or'ers* a#es. #3 The sho!'ee!er im!rove" his in"o s!ace in or"er to sho :.. his #oo"s an" attract more customers. h3 The mana#er of the football team si#ne" :.. some ne !la$ers last ee'. @. Combine three elements from the #rou!s belo so as to ma'e u! three !hrasal verbs an" then use each of them in sentences of $our o n. Aerbs% A"verbs% 8re!ositions% be, come, get, go, look, make, put, run, talk about, away, back, down, in, on, out, over, up against, for, of, on, to, with or"

B. Consi"er the follo in# business situation% the mana#er of a travel a#enc$ in $our to n has ,ust ha" a meetin# ith a forei#n investor ho is ver$ intereste" in local tourism an" ants to s!onsor the a#enc$ b$ coverin# a si#nificant !ercenta#e of the travel costsC unfortunatel$- hen !resentin# the facts an" fi#ures about his a#enc$ to the investor- the mana#er reali+es that the "ata !rovi"e" b$ his secretar$ before the meetin# is fairl$ incom!lete- so he cannot ans er some of the (uestions as'e" b$ the forei#n teamC since the contract is !ost!one" an" the secretar$*s ,ob is at ris'- she !ro!oses to ma'e u! for her mista'e b$ "esi#nin# a eb site in hich to !resent online- in a !rofessional manner- the activit$ of the travel a#enc$. In #rou!s of four- comment on the situation or ma'e u! a "ialo#ue bet een the mana#er an" his secretar$- usin# !hrasal verbs from the lists in SECTION .. 6ere are a fe that mi#ht be suitable% account for, answer for, deal in, provide with, pay for, succeed in, plot against, count on, work something out, put forward, make up for D. 1hich of the follo in# sentences are mista'en5 Cross them out. a3 1here "i" $ou come u!on the boss* ol" files5 1here "i" $ou come u!on them5 1here "i" $ou come them u!on5 b3 The te&tile manufacturers ha" to #ive u! their !osition on the mar'et. The$ ha" to #ive their !osition on the mar'et u!. The$ ha" to #ive it u!. c3 Count u! all the firms that too' !art in the tra"e fair. Count u! them. Count all the firms that too' !lace in the tra"e fair u!. "3 /ou ha" better #o over $our s!eech a#ain. /ou ha" better #o it over a#ain. /ou ha" better #o over it a#ain. /ou ha" better #o a#ain it over. e3 I*ll call for the la $er at his office. I*ll call him for at his office. I*ll call for him. f3 All the staff loo' "o n on him for that insult. The$ loo' "o n for that insult on him. The$ loo' him "o n on for that insult.

The$ loo' "o n on him. #3 ;ohn must !rovi"e for his $oun#er brothers no that the$ are all or!hans. 6e must !rovi"e them for. 6e must !rovi"e for them. h3 I a"vise $ou to 'ee! a a$ from $our boss hen he is an#r$. I a"vise $ou to 'ee! a a$ from him. I a"vise $ou to 'ee! him a a$ from hen he is an#r$. E. Un"erline all the !hrasal verbs in the follo in# te&t ta'en from The International Herald Tribune 2Se!tember >- )FF?3 an" then use the same verbs in a "ialo#ue in hich $ou comment on the contents of this article e&tract. 1or' in !airs. G.$ one measure- .ush has !resi"e" over the lar#est e&!ansion of #overnment since his father an" ma$ $et beat him out in that cate#or$- hich is not e&actl$ one that conservatives li'e to boast about. That cate#or$ is the share of national a#e an" salar$ income that comes "irectl$ from #overnments. An" it turns out that this fact is lar#el$ res!onsible for the economic #oo" ne s. In the Re!ublican !latform- most of the economic statistics referre" to recent months. GOver the last $ear-H the Re!ublicans state"- G#ross "omestic !ro"uct #re at one of the fastest rates in t o "eca"es.H It re!orte" that since Au#ust )FF>- G1.@ million ne ,obs have been create".H Such numbers i#nore the recession at the be#innin# of the .ush a"ministration- an" the slo recover$ that follo e" until #ro th too' off in mi"0)FF>- hen one ta& cut I the chil" cre"it I !ut si#nificant cash into the !oc'ets of !arents ,ust in time to ma'e that $ear*s bac'0to0school sho!!in# season a ver$ #oo" one.H J. Choose the correct !re!ositions% a3 She arne" him : the !ossibilit$ to miss the bus to or' that mornin#. a. about b. of c. for b3 I*m ta'in# care : the or#ani+ation of the seminar hich is behin" sche"ule. a. to b. for c. of

c3 She a!olo#i+e" : bein# so late- since the meetin# ha" alrea"$ starte". a. at b. to c. for "3 9or $ears he ha" "reamt : bein# the #eneral mana#er. a. to b. of c. at e3 The$ #ot : the !lane an" too' their seats. a. in b. to c. on f3 The rin# remin"e" her : her mother*s last re(uest- so she as earin# it all the time. a. of b. about c. to #3 Tom is thin'in# : bu$in# some ne e(ui!ment for a future !ro"uction line. a. to b. at c. of h3 /ou*ll have to sen" : the re!airman because the fa& machine is bro'en. a. out b. to c. for i3 1e haven*t "eci"e" $et : the theme of our ne !ro,ect. a. u!on b. at c. on ,3 This house belon#e" : someone in the ro$al famil$ some centuries a#o. a. ith b. to c. at 1F. Insert the correct forms of the suitable !hrasal verbs chosen from the follo in# list% take in, throw out, stand up for, tune in, take on, pay back, rely on, turn on, return to, look up.

a3 I shoul"n*t ::: ;im so muchC he is rea"$ enou#h ith his !romises- but often fails to carr$ them out. b3 1e*ll have to fin" a a$ to ::: the loan in time. c3 Translators often nee" to ::: technical terms in s!eciali+e" "ictionaries. "3 A!art from his main ,ob he ::: a lot of translations. 6o he mana#es to or' so much is be$on" me. e3 The chameleon can ::: the color of its bac'#roun". f3 The s!ea'er ur#e" the !eo!le to ::: their ri#hts. #3 The sho!'ee!er as usuall$ ver$ !olite- but this time he as force" to ::: the man ho cause" such a "isturbance in his sho!. h3 1hat time "o $ou usuall$ ::: the ra"io to hear the ne s5 i3 1ith $our !ermission- I shall ::: this !oint later in m$ lecture. ,3 S itch on the TA an" ::: to channel five to atch the football match. 11.Translate the sentences into Romanian- !a$in# attention to the meanin# of the !hrasal verbs% a3 It too' them t o $ears to or' u! a ne mar'et for their !ro"ucts. b3 8lease boo' me u! a tic'et to the 9ri"a$ mornin# fli#ht to =on"on< c3 =et me no "eal more full$ ith the im!ortant (uestion that as touche" on earlier. "3 The chairman of the committee "eliberatel$ a#ree" to the !ro!osal- reali+in# that it as in favor of his o n !olic$. e3 .rin# the (uestion for ar" at our ne&t meetin#C I thin' it is im!ortant for all the em!lo$ees. f3 It is rather e&!ensive to have central heatin# installe"- but it certainl$ !a$s off in the lon# run. #3 The !rices of clothes came "o n si#nificantl$ last $ear. =ocal manufacturers ha" to brin# them "o n because of the chea! Chinese im!orts. h3 6ol" on- !lease. I*ll call the mana#er ri#ht a a$. i3 Unfortunatel$- the$ ent out of business last month because the mar'et as too stron# an" com!etition too hi#h. ,3 6is !ro,ect as much ob,ecte" to in $ester"a$*s meetin# "ue to lac' of fun"sbut he ill soon !ut for ar" a ne one. 1).Discuss the "ifferent meanin#s of come use" as a !hrasal verb in the follo in# sentences%

a3 The acci"ent came about ,ust hen e ere #oin# to cross the bri"#e. b3 1hile cleanin# $our "es'- I came across the 'e$s that $ou thou#ht $ou ha" lost. c3 1hen the sun came "o n behin" the mountain e ha" alrea"$ set the tent an" ma"e the fire. "3 Come on- e have to reach the cit$ b$ sunset an" $ou*re barel$ al'in#< e3 I on"er hat came over him: he*s been actin# so eir" latel$. f3 After a lon# crisis- her illness fortunatel$ came to an en". #3 Don*t thro that bo& a a$. It mi#ht come in han"$ hen e move out. h3 I am her father- an" I sa$ that she cannot marr$ ithout m$ consent until she comes of a#e. i3 1e all ho!e that she ill come to her senses hen the effects of the "ru# fa"e a a$. 1>.Com!lete the follo in# sentences usin# these verbs% get, give, go, grow. a3 6e ill never :: over the "eath of his ife. b3 8lease "on*t :: a a$ m$ secretC $ou are m$ best frien" an" I trust $ou on this. c3 The t o 'i"s bro'e a sho! in"o b$ mista'e an" coul"n*t :: a a$ ith it because the sho!'ee!er came out imme"iatel$. "3 M$ brother is ol" no - an" he :: u! his business. e3 M$ cousin ants to :: in for ,ournalism after he #ra"uates from colle#e. f3 Some !arents are so afrai" that their chil"ren ill :: u! an" leave them some "a$. #3 It as :: out that Mrs. .ro n herself as #oin# to !resi"e over the meetin#. h3 It*s eas$ to :: on a horse an" eas$ to :: offC it*s more "ifficult to sta$ on hile it is movin#. i3 The $ears :: on an" her former collea#ues became #ra$ haire" #ran"!arents. ,3 6e is the t$!e that "oesn*t ma'e a #oo" im!ression at the be#innin#- but he :: on $ou after a hile. 1?.Translate into En#lish usin# the follo in# !hrasal verbs to re!lace the Romanian corres!on"ents ritten in bol" t$!e in the te&t% call for, talk over, ask out, bring in, auction off, bring down, keep up, focus on, rely on

a3 Te ro# s-l chemi ime"iat !e "irector. Sunt un client im!ortant Ki aK vrea s discut aceastL !roblemL "irect cu el. b3 De cMte ori o invit !e secretarL Nn oraK- ea mL refu+L s!unMn" cL are !rea mult "e lucru la birou Ki stL !este !ro#ram. c3 0 Ce venit cre+i cL va produce vMn+area acestor stocuri5 0 DacL licitm tot vom scoate "estul "e mult. "3 Trebuie sL reducem !reOul "e !iaOL al #rMului "atoritL recoltei bo#ate "e anul acesta. DacL Nl meninem ridicat vom avea mari cantitLOi nevMn"ute. e3 E nevoie s te concentrezi pe finali+area !roiectului. Intrea#a echi!L se bazeaz pe tine !entru !re+entarea "e sL!tLmMna viitoare.