FLARE GAS SYSTEMS POCKET BRANDBOOK Sas flaring i. isa stondard plant operation aimed ai converling fam rable, loxi¢, aAd corrosive. vapors into environmental, asceotable discharges. This handy pockel reference offers chemicc! anc desigr engineers practicat guidelines, methods, and formulas for ds signing a-d operating safe and efficient flare gas sysiems. The data in thi rx snual applies to any industry that must dispose of waste strearns suct os hydrocarbon vapors, off-spec product. o bypass sirecas gener aiad during startup. . Flare Gas Syslems Pockel Handbook |s an ‘introduction to the désigr and operation of conventional flare gas sysiems. Example problem: ar included to illusirate procedures for sizing flare syslems. Engineer: cs well as students will find this information extremely useful and inform quve. . About the Authors x. Banerjee is an.air pollulion control and waste disposai sysiems spe alist, He received his B.S. in chomical enginearing from Regignal Engi ering College in Durgapur india, and his M.S.'in enviror amenial eng. ating from the New Jersey. Institute of Technology. N. PB Cheremisinoff received his 8,S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in chemi ngineering trom Clarkson College of Tachnolagy. D;. Cheremisinof! anily heads the Product Davelapment Group of the Elastomers Tech: logy Division of Exxon Chemicals Co. In Linden. NJ. PN. Cheremisinost is on the facully of the New Jersey Inslitule of Tech: logy. He holds angineering degrees from Pratt institute and Stevens istitule of Technology. A licensed Professional Engineer and a Consult \g engineer io c-wide range of industries, Mr., Cheremisinoff has more man 35 years of procticral design and engineering experience. Also from Gulf Publishing Company -- - Heat Transfer Pocket Handbook Nicholas R Cheremisinott Provides handy calculations and design uidetings for solving in: dustrial heal transfer problems. ISBN 0-87204-329-0 Fuld Flow Pocket Handbook Nicholas P. Cheremisinott A valuable reference containing short calculations: and desrgn guidelines for a wide range of fluid flow problems. ISBN 0-872041-707-9 Guilt Publishing Company Desiin Dy seity J. Moore i Book Division. PO) Roxy 2402CONTENTS. | PREFACE ose. cccceucccesseeeveeenes wee INS NOTATION ....... eee spdhooy x I OVERVIEW OF FLARING wiccceeetaeee ‘6 Introduction »....:, : E Types of Flares ..... Flare System Components Smokeless Flares. Terminology 2 DESIGN PRINCIPLES eee ec 11s Introduction ..... Causes of Overpre: Ae Estimating Relief Rates: from Pressure | : Maximum Vapor Load to Be Flared 3 DESIGN OF COLLECTION SYSTEMS IntrOductiOneemnt rere | Main Flare Header and Subheader Pressure Levels ...... vee RR Determining the Number of Plare Headers ........60 00.0002 eee : Line Sizing for Flare Headers ..... v4 DESIGNING THE FLARE STACK AND ACCESSORIES ... Knock-out Drum Scal System Flare Burners: Flare Stacks ....--...005 Alternate Method of Calculating Stack Height and Safety Boundary .... 79 Estimating Ground Level Concentrations... 85 Stack Support... 6. cee ee eTecere 90. 3 . FINAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ..... 93 Materials of Construction . ese Steam and Fuel Requirement: . 94 Purging of Flire Lines . . 96 Noise Pollution 96 Stress Relicf, Winterizing, and Controls . 97" Startup and Shutdown Procedures: ...... 98 6 3ENERAL FLOW CALCULATION NOTES - AND UNIT CONVERSIONS .........+++ 100 ats, ¢ Defi initions and Properties of. Principle’ of Hydrodynami : 103 Gas Laws and Nomenclature . - 106 Conversion Factors ...... - 108 REFERENCES ...... pee EE EoeeEy sevens 127 LN) Ob, a 2) vlFLARE GAS SYSTEMS POCKET HANDBOOK Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Banerjee, K. Flare gas systems pocket handbook. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1, Flare gas systems (Chemical engineering)—Hand- books, manuals, etc. I. Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. II. Cheremisinoff, Paul N. HI. Title. “¢ TP159.F52B36 1985 660.283 85-12665 ISBN 0-872012310-3 Copyright © 1985 by Gull Publishing Company, Houston, ‘fi All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America, This book. or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publisher. ISBN 0-87201-310-3eet + signing and operating conventional PREFACE. Many industries generate signifscant amounts streams, such as hydrocarbon vapors. which must. de" on a continuous or intermittent bas:s Examples product or bypass streams generated