3

17
15

:
.. 1978

20

...

37

12

12

5
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH 7
11
13
21
22
26
33
49
_________________________________

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, , , ,
. (Utica College of Syracuse University)
.. 2539 2550













50
10 .. 1948
50
2
30

18

9 .. 1997

...

(1632-1704)
Concerning Civil Government
.. 1690

17
Second Treatise of Government (
Glorious Revolation .. 1688
2)

19



1
1950, 1960
1970

30

( )

1980

(
)

.. 1993
171

50
2

(.. 19451946)

.. 1945


(The Helsinki Process)

(Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe - OSCE)
.. 1975
..
1975 (Helsinki Accords)

10

10 .. 1948

Helsinki Watch Charter 77

(Conventional Armed Forces in Europe)

.. 1990
30

1960 -

.. 1966

1960

1960 1970

.. 1977

(.. 1979) (.. 1984)
(.. 1989)

1970

..
1975

1970 1980
1980

1970


.. 1977
.. 1980
200

1970 1980
1984

1979


1980


Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch

Human
Rights Watch .. 1978
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Human Rights Watch




..


70



Human Rights Watch
100
Human Rights Watch

Human
Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch






50

1994 2

19
20

2
50,000
(.. 1737 1809)

(Rights of Man)

.. 1792

1990
.. 1946

.. 1776






.. 1992 25

.. 1998 137 140

()
() (First) (Optional Protocol the Covenant)

200

(Working Group on

Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances) .. 1980

19,000 .. 1985 Peter Kooijmans

...



Peter

Kooijmans .. 1993

1,000

.. 1994
1503 -

6



.. 1997
26
(..
:
18581919)

.. 1904

1970 1980 Americas Watch, American Civil Liberties Union
Pinochet
.. 1978 1980

Somoza
- 1980

10

50

.. 1943




1944

(London Charter)

22





1907 (The Hague Convention)
1929 (Geneva Convention)
22 19
3
.

.. 1993
.. 1994

1970 1980

11

...

1970

1980

4 .. 1995

(.. 1817-1862)

Civil Disobedience

.. 1846

Andrew W. Mellon
.
(Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice)
(International Human Rights)

12

?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?

.. 1998
Flannery OConnor Writers Workshop
15 Ardor (The Book of the Dead Man 2)
Poetry for a Midsummers Night ( )

13

Fear No Evil
.. 1989

14

( )

20 .. 1977 20 .. 1981

.. 1986

.. 1984

30

.. 1978
30

15

()

()

15

.. 1995
( )

( )

16

17

(Bill of Rights Day)

()


187
187
30

187

18

...
(.. 18861971)

Barenblatt
.. 1959

19

17

Calvinism
Huguenots

.. 1620

(Mayflower Compact)

(
)
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, ,
, ,

,
, ,

.. 1775
.. 1776

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2





...

3 .. 1783



13


(Articles of Confederation)

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.. 1776

(.. 1776
)

...




...

21


(
..
1791 )
1

...
5

...

...
8


9

10

.. 1791
10

17

.. 1787




200




...

22


19

1800

.. 1835

() ()
The Underground Railroad .

1860
23

75


(Northwest Ordinance) .. 1787

..
1808

.. 1860
.. 1858

4 ..
1861 12





.. 1865
()
()
1900

24


1
.. 1863

.. 1865

13

.. 1866

Freedmans Bureau

14

30

19
Jim Crow

Freedmens Bureau

(Ku Klux Klan)

20

19 .. 1817

.. 1868
.. 1870

15

31

25



400



..1607- 105 ... (combine ourselves together into a
civil Body Politick...for the General Good of the Colony...)
14

..1621 -

..1619-


30

..1620-
19 ..1634 -

(Mayflower Compact)
..1735-
...
Weekly Journal

26


..1761-
(a mans house is his castle.)
writs of assistance
writs of assistance
The Sugar Act ..1733



..1776- 7



2
()
4
..1783-

..1787- 25 (The
Constitutional Convention)

17 21
.. 1788
- 13
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..1791-
10

15
..1807-

250,000
..1808 1860
..1830-
The Indian Removal Act


10
70,000

..1848- 200 40



..1857- 6
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Scott

27


..1861-
(Union) 12
..1865
11

..1863 - 1
Emancipation Proclamation



..1865-
18
..1866- (Ku Klux Klan)

.. 1869 1871

..1868-
28

..1869-
(The
National Woman Suffrage Association)

50

..1870-

30
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..1896-

Plessy v. Ferguson



..1909- 30 The National
Conference on the Negro
(the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People - NAACP)

..1920-

26
..1924 - The Snyder Act

28


..1933 - 100 New
Deal

..1934 - The Indian Reorganization

Act

..1941-
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- 14

(Atlantic Charter)

..1942-
7
.. 1941
120,000
40

..1945-

..1947-
(House of Representatives Committee on
Un-American Activities)

..1948 -

..1950-

..1952-

The Immigration and Naturalization Act ..1952
..1954-

17
Brown v. Board of Education
Plessy v. Ferguson
..1955 - 1

29


..1957-
29

(Reconstruction Period)
..1962- The National Farm Workers ( The
United Farm Workers of America)

..1963- 28 200,000

..1964 - The Omnibus Civil Rights

Bill 29

..1965 - The Voting Right Act

6

..1971 - 22

(The Equal Rights

Amendment)

.. 1982

..1975 -
32

()

..1977 -

..1980 -
120
Sioux
.. 1877
..1984 -

..1985- 11


..1986-

..1990 - The Americans With Disabilities Act

30


25

Underground Railroad

19 20


.. 1830 1840

.. 1848

240 40

.. 1869 .

19

.. 1920

(The New Deal)

19

.. 1874

10

1930

31


.. 1932

(The New
Deal)

(Great Depression) 1930

.. 1935
(The Social Security Act)

.. 1938

.. 1939

.. 1941

4 (Four Freedoms)
.. 1941
(Atlantic Charter)

.. 1942 24

.. 1941

.. 1942
120,000

10
60

.. 1944 Korematsu v.
U.S. .. 1983

We Demand ()

1930

.. 1945

..

32


(
..
1941)
...


-
-
-
-
-
-

...

2

3

1945




.. 1945

Jim Crow

10
.. 1948

33

(The
National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People - NAACP) .. 1909

NAACP

.. 1954 Brown v. Broad of Education

1 .. 1955










382
.. 1960




freedom rides




(The Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

.. 1963
200,000

(The Civil
Rights Act) .. 1964

.. 1965 (The Voting Rights Act)

400,000 (Deep South)
.. 1968

..
1964 (The 1964 Civil Rights bill)

.. 1966
28 (The National Organization
for Women - NOW)

15,000 NOW

1970 .. 1972
(The Equal Rights
Amendment)


35

38
.. 1982

1970

34

.. 1935

(The National Labor Rela
tions Act of 1935)

.. 1963

Hispanic
United Farm Workers
.. 1948
277,000

10


-
(Helsinki Accords)
1950 .. 1975

14

.. 1976

1960 1970 ..1977

.. 1995
.. 1967



The American Indian Movement .. 1968

35

. (.. 1925-1968)

The Day of Affirmation

.. 1966

36

 12

12

(.. 1941- )
.. 1985

..
1987
.. 1987
(The Arias Foundation for Peace and Humanity)
...

...
10 .. 1987
.. 1987

37

 12

(.. 1945 -)
(Burmas National
League for Democracy)

.. 1989


.. 1995
.. 2000

.. 2002





.. 1991
...

.. 1995 ...

The Gift of Grace Under Pressure New Statesman & Society, October 11, 1991
New Statesman & Society 11 .. 1991

38

 12

(.. 1904-1971)
.. 1947
(UN
Under-Secretary for Special Political Affairs)

.. 1949

.. 1950

National Negro Congress

(National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People) 22
...

.. 1950

...







...
The Road to Peace 92
30 .. 1954
Vital Speeches of the Day

39

 12

() (.. 1869-1948)
21
.. 1915

..
1948

...

...
11 .. 1922
The Gandhi Reader: A Sourcebook of Life and Writing Homer A. Jack. Indiana
University Press .. 1956
Navajivan Trust

40

 12

(.. 1936 -) .. 1977 Charter 77

.. 1979 1983 .. 1989
Civic Forum

.. 1990

...




...


...

.. 1992

?
?
?


...

...
1 .. 1990

Uncaptive Minds Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe

41

 12

(.. 1929-1968)
(The Southern Christian
Leadership Conference) .. 1957


.. 1964 (The Civil Rights
Act)

.. 1964
4
.. 1968

...

.. 1966











...
Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story .. 1958

42

 12

(.. 1918 - ) 9
.. 1994
50 (The African National Congress - ANC)
.. 1952
ANC

.. 1964

27
..
1990

.. 1933

...

...

27 .. 1994

...

10 .. 1993
.. 1993

43

 12

(.. 1884 1962) .
2

..
1945

..
1946

1952

...

The Promise of Human Rights Foreign Affairs .. 1948

.. 1948
.. 1948 Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.

44

 12

(.. 1921 1989)
.. 1968
Progress, Coexistence, and Intellectual Freedom .. 1970

.. 1975


.. 1979

Gorky

.. 1986

.. 1989

Congress
of Peoples Deputies

....

(Book of the Universe)

.. 1975

.. 1975

45

 12

(.. 1912-1945?)
2 .. 1944

17
.. 1945 22
.. 1981

Star of
David

20,000
50,000





7

Star of David
70,000


...





Letters and Dispatches .. 1924-1944
.. 1987, 1955 Brigette Wallenberg and Gustaf Soderlund
.. 1995 Arcade Publishing, Inc.
Arcade Publishing, New York

46

 12

(.. 1950 -)
1970


.. 1979

15

.. 1993

.. 1994

.. 1995
14

.. 1997

...
?
1993

...
...

?
?



30
?

The Fifth Modernization (democracy spring)

.. 1978-1979

47

 12

() (.. 1928 -) Hasid
Sighet .. 1944 2
Auschwitz Buchenwald



.. 1956

.. 1986

...
(U.S.
Memorial Holocaust Museum)

?
Birkenau
9 1991
?
?

?
?




2

...
...
For the Dead and the Living The New Leader .. 1993
The New Leader 17-31 .. 1993 The American Labor Conference for International
Affairs Inc.
48


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