18.

4 ACID-BASE TITRATIONS
PG 227
1. 2. 3. 4. a. b. 0.15 mol dm
-3

A: this is because it is a sudden change that will only occur and change the pH to 7 when it is exactly 100% neutralized. Therefor it will remain only slightly higher pH than the initial concentration of the acid. B: This is because at the half-neutralization point the half oft eh weak acid will have been converted to its conjugate base, and therefore their concentrations and pH are equal. C: This is because a weak acid has a pH relatively close to 7 whilst a strong base has a substantially higher value than 7 (closer to 14).

c. d. e.

i. 11.24 ii. 9.3: This is because at 7.5 it is the mid-point of the equivalence point. Therefore the + number of OH ions is equal to H ions. Therefore the pOH is 4.7 as well as the pKb value. Therefore pOH + pH = 14. (14-4.7=9.3) iii. 5.06 (sketched) The section of that is around a pH of 9.0, this is because the adding of a small amount of base or acid is resisted upon the pH and therefore there is no great change of the pH. The pH would remain at 13 until just before the equivalence point. However twice the amount of acid would need to be used to get to the equivalence point.