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62B-
208
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Functions
MEASURE
COMPARE
COMPUTE
CORRECT
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
What Makes It Work?
• Low pressure air system
• Continuous supply
• High quality
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic Boiler Controls
• Consist of three sub-systems
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Combustion Control
• Maintains steam drum or SUPERHEATER
outlet pressure
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Combustion Control
MEASURES
STEAM ACC
PRESSURE
GENERATES A
MASTER DEMAND
FOR FUEL AND AIR
STEAM
DRUM MANIPULATES THE
FORCED DRAFT BLOWERS &
FUEL OIL CONTROL VALVE
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Combustion Control
MEASURES ACC
STEAM
PRESSURE
FORCED DRAFT BLOWER
MEASURES
STEAM ACC
PRESSURE
MANIPULATES FUEL FLOW
TO THE BOILER BY
INCREASING/DECREASING
FUEL FLOW TO THE BURNERS
MEASURES
STEAM ACC
PRESSURE
FINAL CONTROL
ELEMENT
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic FEEDWATER
Control
• Maintains water level in boiler steam drum
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Automatic FEEDWATER
Control
3 Element Water Level
Feed +/-1 inch of Normal
MANIPULATES THE
FEEDWATER
CONTROL VALVE TO
REGULATE FEED FLOW
TO THE BOILER 62B-208-
11 AUG 00
THREE ELEMENTS
TO CONTROL
SF
FEEDWATER FLOW T
DLT
DLT
FWCV FF
T
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11 AUG 00
SF
T
SF/FF
RELAY
DLT
FWCV FF
T
FF
C
FWCV FWC
POS A/M 62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Compensates For Shrink And
Swell
• Steam flow and drum level will respond in
the same direction upon a boiler load
change
• Increase to increase
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Shrink & Swell
• During up PWR MANUEVERS, a
temporary rise in BLR WTR LVL occurs --
called swell
• During DWN PWR MANUEVERS, a
temporary drop in BLR WTR LVL occurs
-- called shrink
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11 AUG 00
Swell
• Increase in STM demand:
– More STM leaves BLR.
– Drum press starts decreasing.
– STM bubbles in GEN tubes expand.
– WTR level appears to “swell”.
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Swell
• Automatic combustion CONTRL system (acc
sys) senses decrease in drum press and
increases firing rate
• Drum press increases and regains SETPOINT
• WTR LVL decreases as bubble size decreases
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Swell
• WTR reaches normal and get slightly below
normal
• Automatic boiler control system (ABC sys)
will increase feed flow to match STM flow
• WTR LVL achieves normal
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Shrink
• During a DWN PWR MANUEVER shrink
has the opposite effect :
– Co wants all stop -- man overboard!
– Throttle closes
– STM drum press rises
– WTR level lowers or “shrinks”
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Shrink
• Acc sys decreases firing rate
• Drum press regains SETPOINT
• WTR LVL increases
• WTR LVL reaches normal, and slightly
above normal
• ABC sys decreases feed flow
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Main Feed Pump Controls
• Maintain a constant pressure
FEEDWATER supply to the boiler while
on line
• Increase - increase
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Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD MEASURES FEED
PUMP CONT. PRESSURE FROM A
COMMON HEADER
TO ONE OR MORE
BOILERS
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11 AUG 00
Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD GENERATES
PUMP CONT. A DEMAND
SIGNAL TO THE
FEED PUMP STEAM
ADMISSION VALVE
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Feed Pump Controls
MAIN FD
PUMP CONT.
62B-208-
11 AUG 00
Constant Pressure
Regulator
• Feed pressure
directly opposes
spring compression
From common
Header
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Boiler Control Test
• On-line alignment and verification
• Boiler flexibility test
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Final Control Elements
• Fail safe positions
• Combustion to minimum
• Water level to maximum
• FEEDWATER control valve open
• Feed pump steam admission valve fully
open
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BOILER FLEX COMPONENTS
S/ SP FINAL
F/ F
F T CONTROL
FW
C ELEMENTS
D/
L
FD
B
F
OCV
MF
P
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Air Pressure Failure
• Air lock system
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11 AUG 00
NEEDLE VALVE
INDIVIDUA
L
MASTE TRIP
40 VALVE
R
PSI
RESE TRIP
65 PSI
T
FROM
A/M STATION
REDUCE 80 THREE
R
ALARM PSI WAY
PRESSUR
E VENT
TO
SWITCH
75 FINAL
125 CONTRO
PSI L 62B-208-
PSI 11 AUG 00
ELEMNT
Modes Of Operation
• Automatic
• Remote MAUNUAL
• Local manual
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NOW WE KNOW OUR ABC’S
THE
END
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Introduction To ABC System
62b-208
62B-208-
11 AUG 00