2, CALDARI NAVALE
2.1. NOTIUNI DE PRODUCERE A ABURULUT
Aburd este strea gazoasa apei si se poate produce prin dowa procese de
rans formare:
~ Enaporanea, care este procesul de transformare apei in vapori la suprafata
lichidulu Moleculele de apa se afla intro continua miscare, aotica, avnd difenite
vitezs. Cele cu vite mai mari paras: apa si tec in spatiul liber. O parte din
aceste molecule se pot transforma din nou in apa. Evaporama are loc la orice
Temperatura, Procesul de evaporare este direct proportional cu temperatura lichidului
i cu marimea suprafetei expuse mediului inconjurator.
‘Odaia cu cresterea temperaturii va creste si viteza moleculelor, decio mai mare
canttate de molecule paraseste licbidul si evaporrea este mai intensa. Odata cu
inceputul evapcrari, tempemtura Tichidului va scalea (deoamce viteza medic 2
moleculelor din lichid se va micsora), deci, implicit, se va micsora si infeasitatea
evapora. Pentru a mentine aceeasi infemsitate de evaporare, trebuie sa se
compemseze caldura tansfomnata in lucru mecanic, in procesul evaporaii find
necesar 52 se incalzeasca continua apa. Daca evapormea are loc intt-un vas inchis
srmetic, la un moment dat se produce o egalizare ire cantitatca de lichid evaporat si
cantitatea de vapori care se condenseaza in acclasi timp si in aceleasi conditii Astfl,
in spatiul de deasupra apei (spatiul de abur) se gasesteo cantitate bine defintade abur,
Is o anumita presiune, pentru temperatura pe care o are in acel moment apa.
Cind cantitatea si presiunea aburului, fata de o anumita temperatura, au valori
maxime, se spune ca spaticl de abur s-a saturat, iar aburul se mumeste abur satura,
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