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.

Ibrahim M. Habib

Applied Geography, M.Sc.

Institute of Arab Research & Studies

Department of Geographic Research & Studies


ibrahimhabibfrj@hotmail.com :

Dr. Radwan J. El-Kelani


.
Earth Sciences & Seismic Engineering Center
An Najah National University

P.O. Box (7), Nablus, Palestine
- . )(7
radwan@najah.edu :

:

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The Dead Sea and Sodom People


Abstract: The origin, the salinity and the relation of the Dead Sea to Sodom
People have been controversial among researchers for many decades.
Recently, the crustal structure of the Dead Sea Transform (DST), which
forms a part of largest Tertiary rift system, has been well studied and
documented. But the controversy still exists on the kind of punishment that
was inflicted on Sodom People. Most interpretations attribute the torture to
supernatural miracles. The present study discussed the relation between the
origin of the Dead Sea and Sodom people from different points of view. An
attempt was made to establish a scientific scenario and imagine the torture
in the context of the available religious information and geological facts.
What had happened to Sodom People was related to natural phenomena
which could be explained and understood by human beings.
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1- Atallah M. and Mikbel S. 1983: Geology and Structure of the Area East
of the Dead Sea, In Abed and Khaled (eds), Proceeding the 1st Jordan
Geol. Conf., Amman, 392-414.
2- Bender F. 1974: Geology of Jordan, Gerbruder B Borntraeger, Berlin.
3- Burdon D.J. 1959: Handbook of the Geology of Jordan to accompany and
explain the three sheets of the 1:250,000 Geological Map East of the
Rift by A.M. Quennell.
4- El-Isa Z., Mechie J., Prodehl C., Makris J., Rihm R. 1987:A Crustal
Structure Study of Jordan Derived from Seismic Refraction Data,
Tectonophysics, Vol. 138, 235-253.
5- El-Isa Z.H. 1992: Seismicity of the Wadi Araba-Dead Sea Region,
Geology of the Arab World, 1992, Cairo Uni.: 245-253.
6- El-Isa Z.H., and Mustafa H. 1986: Earthquake Deformations in the Lisan
Deposits and Seismotectonic implications, Geophys. J.R. astr. Soc., 86:
413-42.
7- El-Kelani R., El-Isa Z. and Zaid A. 1998: Interpretation of Gravity Data
in Zarqa Main Hot Springs Area, Preliminary Evaluation of the
Geothermal Resources of Jordan, 58 Conference of the German
Geophysical Association, Goettingen, GG43, 81.
8- El-Kelani R. 2006: 3-Dimentional Gravity Model of the Southern Jordan
Dead Sea Transform, An-Najah University Journal for Research-A
(Natural Sciences), Vol. 19: 185-208.
9- Ginzburg A., Makris J., Fuchs K. and Prodehl C. 1981: The Structure of
the Crust and Upper Mantle in the Dead Sea Transform,Tectonophysics,
Vol. 80: 109-119.
10- Garfunkel Z. 1981: Internal structure of the Dead Sea leaky transform
(rift) in relation to plate kinematics. Tectonophysics, Vol. 80: 81-108.
11- Haberland Ch., Agnon A., El-Kelani R., Maercklin N., Qabbani I.,
Rmpker G., Ryberg T., Scherbaum F. and Weber M. 2003: Modeling
of Seismic Guided Waves at the Dead Sea Transform, J. Geophys. Res.,
Vol.108, No. B7/2342: 1-11.
12- Hassouneh M. 2003: Interpretation of Potential Fields by Modern Data
Processing and 3-Dimensional Gravity Modelling of the Dead Sea
pull-apart basin/ Jordan Rift Valley (JRV). Dissertation, Wrzburg
University, Wrzburg, Germany.

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13- Quennell A.M. 1983: Evolution of the Dead Sea Transform. A review in
Abed and Khaled (eds.), Proc. 1st Jord. Geol. Conf., Amman, p: 460-482.
14- Quennell A.M., 1959: Tectonics of the Dead Sea Transform, Cong.
Geol. Int. Maxico, Vol. 22: 385-405.
15- Neev D. and EmeryK.O. 1967: The Dead Sea, Geol.Surv. Isr . Bull.: 41147.

(www.al-islam.com)

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