Chapter #11: Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Big Picture Themes 1.

. Jeffersons election was considered a revolution because he represented the common people for the first time. 2. Troubles in North Africa and between England and France emerged. Jeffersons actions were sluggish. 3. Trying to again avoid war with England or France, Jefferson bumbled around with an embargo. His theory was that the only way to avoid war was to stop interaction between U.S. ships and Europe. The overall effect was to kill U.S. trade and enrage the merchants and businessmen up North. 4. The Louisiana Purchase came as a complete surprise and quickly doubled the size of the U.S. 5. James Madison picked up where Jefferson left off with the embargo in trying to avoid war. But, young western Congressmen wanted war to possibly gain new land, to squelch Indian troubles, and defend the free seas. They declared the War of 1812 with England. IDENTIFICATIONS: Marbury v. Madison This was a court case where William Marbury was denied entrance into the Supreme Court by Madison, since he was chosen during Adams Midnight Appointments. He later sued Madison and was overturned by Chief Justice John Marshall. This case proved that the Judiciary Branch had the power to interpret the Constitution, not the Executive Branch, aka judiciary review. Henry Clay He was a congressman who proposed the American System. Essex Junto They were an extremist Federalist faction led by Timothy Pickering who feared a shift from industry to farming and proposed for New England to secede from the States to become its own country.

Burr Conspiracy This was a plot by Aaron Burr, former Vice President under Jefferson, to take control of the Western United States and take some more land, although it was unclear who the land was for. Impressment This is where American sailors were forcibly put into British service. As a result of strained

relations from the Revolution, Britain, in an effort to weaken the American economy, attacked their ships and in the process stole their men.

Chesapeake/Leopard Incident This was when a British ship, the Leopard, attacked an American ship, the Chesapeake, and killed three Americans, wounded eighteen, and kidnapped four deserters. This caused an outrage in America and confirmed the method of British Impressment.

Non-intercourse Act This was passed by Congress in an effort to reestablish trade. When the American people began to grow restless under Jeffersons Embargo Act, Congress decided to repeal the Embargo and reopened every trade channel except Britain and France. Macons Bill No. 2 This was another act passed by Congress after repealing the Embargo Act. When the NonIntercourse Act proved to be ineffective, Congress, against Madisons wishes, passed Macons Bill no. 2, which offered to Britain and France a deal; if either one of them were to allow trade in America again, American would lift another embargo against the nation not cooperating. Although this screamed to the world that America was weak, it was still a necessary measure for economic rejuvenation. William Henry Harrison and the Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison was the governor of the Indiana territory charged with taking care of the Shawnee threat. He defeated the Prophet at the Battle of Tippecanoe, which made him a hero as a result. War Hawks These were the younger generation of congressmen who were named War Hawks by the Federalists. They desired war, and also wanted to get rid of another Indian threat to Western settlers.

Battle of Horseshoe bend This was a battle fought by Andrew Jackson in 1814 against the Creek Indians, which ended the Creek War. This effectively made Alabama available for settlement. Hartford Convention This is where delegates from a majority of the country gathered to discuss how to fix their grievances. Although it did not do much, it did create precedent conversations for ideals used in the Civil War, as well as changing government policy. Treaty of Ghent

This was a peace treaty between the Americans and the British, proposed by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, signed in 1814 on Christmas Day. Here, both sides agreed to end all fighting and restoring any conquered land, though America was not able to get its grievances paid for. Treaty of Greenville 1795 This was a treaty which ended the Northwest Indian War and gave the US most of Ohio, some of Detroit, and somehow Battle of New Orleans -This was another invasion by the British in 1814, when they tried to take New Orleans. However, it was defended by Andrew Jackson, and the cocky British failed to take it, resulting in a humiliating defeat for Britain, and a major patriotic victory for the Americans. As a result of this shameful defeat, the British Navy put a blockade on the coast, which heavily damaged the American economy.

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Federalist and Republican Mudslingers Know: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Whispering Campaign 1. What political liabilities existed for Adams and for Jefferson in 1800? For Adams, his failure to procure a war with France caused the Hamiltonian faction of Federalists to stop supporting him (which caused a public scandal when Hamilton himself railed against Adams in a pamphlet) and brought up even more debt, as well as wasted war-preparations. Not to mention, the Alien and Sedition Acts created even more enemies. For Jefferson, he became the center of a whisper campaign by the Federalists, who basically spread lies about him in a desperate move to make him lose. Also, he became the enemy of orthodox preachers when he successfully separated religion and politics in Virginia.

The Jeffersonian "Revolution of 1800" Know: Aaron Burr 2. Was the 1800 election more or less important than the 1796 election? Explain. The 1800 election was more important than the 1796 election because when Jefferson was elected, the people were directly represented for the first time.

3.

If the Federalists had power for such a short time, were they really that important? Explain.

The Federalists were very important, since they were responsible for creating the backbone of America, even though they didnt last long. Their strict ideas were what kept the newly made America on track and solid.

Responsibility Breeds Moderation Know: Pell-mell 4. How revolutionary was the "Revolution of 1800?" The Revolution of 1800 was somewhat revolutionary, since Jeffersons time in office was not as Republican as he wanted it to be; he still kept most of Hamiltons plans and ideas and retained most Federalist officials. But on the other hand, the transfer of power from Adams to Jefferson was done peacefully, which solidified America as a nation.

Jeffersonian Restraint Know: Albert Gallatin 5. "As president, Thomas Jefferson acted more like a Federalist than like a Democratic Republican." Assess. Jefferson did act more like a Federalist than a Republican because he was forced to. He saw that the Federalist policies already set in were sufficient for running the nation.

The "Dead Clutch" of the Judiciary Know: Judiciary Act of 1801, Midnight Judges, John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, Samuel Chase 6 What was the main purpose of John Marshall as Chief Justice? How can this be seen in the Marbury v. Madison decision? John Marshall was Chief Justice for the sole purpose of establishing and preserving a Federalist stronghold in the government.

Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior Know: Barbary States, Shores of Tripoli, Gunboats 7. How did Jefferson deal with the extortion of the Barbary States? Jefferson landed American troops on the shores of Tripoli and waged the Triplotan war, which ended Tripoli tan attacks on American ships. It is also an example of his forced-conservative acts.

The Louisiana Godsend Know: New Orleans, Deposit Privileges, James Monroe and Robert Livingston, Napoleon, Toussaint L'Ouverture 8. Explain two ways that history may have been different if the French had not sold Louisiana to the United States.\ If it wasnt for the French selling the US the Lousiana territory, the United States would probably not be half as big as it is today, nor have half the prestige and global power.

Louisiana in the Long View Know: Lewis and Clark, Sacajawea, Zebulun Pike 9. What positive consequences resulted from the Louisiana Purchase? Because of the Louisiana purchase, the United States managed to increase its borders tremendously, and a way to the Pacific Ocean was confirmed and the Americans claimed the West for themselves, and explorers like Zebulon Pike explored and found historic sites such as Pikes Peak.

America: A Nutcracked Neutral Know: Orders in Council, Impressment, Chesapeake 10. In what way did the struggle between France and Britain affect the United States? When France and Britain clashed, they made indirect attacks to each other in the sea, which harmed the Us through trade blockades and impressment, as well as lootings.

The Hated Embargo Know: Embargo Act, Non-Intercourse Act 11. Who opposed the embargo and why? The Federalists and merchants and just about everyone opposed the embargo because it would cripple the American economy.

Madisons Gamble Know: James Madison, Macon's Bill No. 2 12. How did Napoleon take advantage of American policy? He did this by accepting Macons Bill No. 2, gaining trade rights with the US and making sure they dont ally themselves with Britain.

Tecumseh and the Prophet Know: War Hawks, Henry Clay, Tecumseh, The Prophet, William Henry Harrison 13. What considerations motivated the war hawks to call for war with Great Britain? The need for Western settlement, the Indian problem, and were also pushed by the British Impressment and Orders in Council.

"Mr. Madison's War" Know: War of 1812 14. How and why did New England Federalists oppose the War of 1812?

New England Federalists opposed the War of 1812 because they hated how America was then allied with Napoleon, since they sympathized with Britain. Also, they did not like taking Canada, since it would have been a rural state and thus would have gave more voting power to the Republicans.

Chapter #12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1. The U.S. vs. England fighting had a few themes: (a) U.S. lost in Canada, (b) U.S. surprisingly won at sea, (c) the two split in the Chesapeake, and (d) the U.S. won the big battle at New Orleans. 2. The war was not universally supported. Mostly, the North opposed the war since it was bad for trade. The South and West generally favored the war. 3. After the war, the U.S. could focus on herself, as with the American System to build up the economy. 4. In terms of expansion, a few things happened: (a) the Missouri Compromise drew an EastWest line to separate slave and free states, (b) Oregon and Florida became American lands, and (c) the Monroe Doctrine warned Europe to stay away! IDENTIFICATIONS: Rush-Bagot Agreement

This was an agreement by the US and Britain that limited several naval armament on the lakes.

Second Bank of the United States This was the second component of Henry Clays American System, which would give money to the Public. Francis Cabot Lowell He was an American business man who brought the Industrial . Era of Good Feelings This was a time where there was only one major political party in the government, and administration was up. Adams-Onis Treaty This is a treaty beween the US and Spain, where the US got Florida and a border was made between it and New Mexico. Panic of 1819 This was where over-speculation on land caused a mini depression.

Tallmadge Amendment

This is where any slave in the state of Missouri would be able to gain their freedom, and incoming slaves were to be cancelled. Missouri Compromise this was where Missouri was considered as a slave state, but anywhere beneath the line would be considerd free (36360 30)

John Marshall He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who had a hand in several important choices in American history, and tried to reestablish the Fereli Latin American Revolution this was where some Latin American countries launched rebellions.

Monroe Doctrine This was a doctrine stating that the Us should not colonize anyone and not intefere in foreign affairs.

GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: On to Canada over Land and Lakes Know: Oliver Hazard Perry, Thomas Macdonough 1. Evaluate the success of the US navy in the fight for Canada.

The US Navy were very successful as they wre responsible for some of the key victories of the war.

Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended Know: Francis Scott Key, Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans 2. Did the United States fight the War of 1812 effectively? Explain. No, since they were unable to take Canada, and had to rely on unorganized, independent thinking of the Revolution when it came to naval battles. Also, their generals were relics of the past, and many young soldiers were still a major demand.

The Treaty of Ghent

Know: Treaty of Ghent, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay 3. Was the Treaty of Ghent advantageous to the United States? Explain. It was not, since all it did was restore pre-war aboundaries and did not address American grievances, such as Impressment and the Indian Issue.

Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention Know: Blue Light Federalists, Hartford Convention 4. What did the Hartford Convention do? The Heartfort convention caused the Delegates to band together and attempt to fix the government and the piggosts.

The Second War for American Independence 5. What were the long term effects of the War of 1812?

The War of 1812 resulted in Sectinoalism, commercial gains for Europe, and national prestige.

Nascent Nationalism Know: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Stephen Decatur 6. What evidence of nationalism surfaced after the War of 1812?

There was a feeling of increase Westward settlement and increased culture such as an American form of painting and literature.

"The American System" Know: Tariff of 1816, Henry Clay, The American System, Erie Canal 7. In what ways could nationalism be seen in the politics and economics of the post-war years? In the post war years, you see many merchants and officials and who had a haughty feeling toward others.

The So-Called Era of Good Feelings Know: James Monroe, Virginia Dynasty, Era of Good Feelings 8. To what extent was James Monroe's presidency an Era of Good Feelings? There was only one political party, so everyone agreed on the same policies.

The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times Know: Wildcat Banks, Panic of 1819 9. Explain the causes and effects of the Panic of 1819.

The Panic of 1819 was caused mainly by overspeculation of land deals in the West, which was allowed by the Bank. Because of this, a mini depression was formed.

Growing Pains of the West 10. What factors led to the settlement of the West in the years following the War?

It was part of the Western settlement growth of the previous generation, there was cheap land, and foreigners could truly start over. There was also more space for crops.

Slavery and the Sectional Balance Know: Tallmadge Amendment, Peculiar Institution 11 Why was Missouri's request for statehood so explosive? Missouri was to become a slave state, the problem was there was an equal amount of slave and non slave states then, which caused a riot since that one state could give a side an enourmous amt of power. The Uneasy Missouri Compromise Know: Henry Clay, Missouri Compromise, "Firebell in the Night" 12. "Neither the North nor South was acutely displeased, although neither was completely happy." Explain.

Missouri could pass as a slave state, but all other territories could become free states instead. There was also the 36-30 parallel which marked which side was slave and which wasnt.

John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism

Know: John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, Loose Construction, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v. Ogden 13. Explain Marshall's statement, "Let the end be legitimate,...are constitutional."

Marshall is saying that the ends justify the means.

Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses Know: Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Daniel Webster 14. "John Marshall was the most important Federalist since George Washington." Assess. John Marshall was responsible for many of Americas important decisions.

Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida Know: John Quincy Adams, Treaty of 1818, Andrew Jackson, Adams-Onis Treat of 1819 15. Who was more important to American territorial expansion, Andrew Jackson or John Quincy Adams? Explain.

Both, because Jackson fought to keep the land American while Quincy Adams was the one who decided where were wonna go somewhere.

The Menace of Monarchy in America Know: George Canning 16 How did Great Britain help support American desires regarding Latin America? They offered a truce and mutual agreement against Latin America. Monroe and His Doctrine Know: John Quincy Adams, Monroe Doctrine 17 How could a militarily weak nation like the United States make such a bold statement ordering European nations to stay out of the Americas?

The United States had a lot of potential and had repelled a big nation like Britain twice.

Monroe's Doctrine Appraised 18. Evaluate the importance of the Monroe Doctrine in subsequent American history.

The Monroe Doctrine helped determine foreign policy and what land we should and shouldnt take.