Lecture 1 Definition Environment Biotechnology -Applications of biotechnology to study nature. -Utilization of biological processes to benefit human and environment.

-The development, use and regulation of biological process for bioremediation of contaminated environments and for environment friendly process. Green manufacturingreplacing raw materials, downstream processing Role of Biotechnology Bioremediationbiological treatment of hazardous wastes Renewable energy-energy from biomass, microalgae

Field Agriculturebiological pests control Climate change environmental friendly industrial processes Food security improvement in food production and quality using genetic engineering

Org. Related to Environmental Biotechnology -Animals -Plants -Micro-organisms

Microorganism -Bacteria -Fungi -Micro algae -Biofilms

Two component bacteria that used in biotech applications -DNA -Protein/Enzyme system

Bacteria -CHEAPER ALTERNATIVE

-Most abundance -Variety of metabolic pathways -Easy to cultivate -Can tolerate wide range of contaminants.

SHAPE AND ARRANGEMENT OF BACTERIAL CELL

Cocci Diplococci Streptococci Tetrad Sarcinae Spiral Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete

Bacilli Single Bacillus Diplobacilli Streptobacilli Coccobacillus

-Prokaryotic organisms. -Discovered by Anton van Leeuwenhoek -Few microns in size. -Variety of shapes and arrangements. -Lack of true nucleus and other organelles.