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2. Mtodo de Ponchon-Savarit
Este mtodo es ms riguroso que el de McCabe-Thiele, pero requiere de informacin
detallada sobre las entalpas de las corrientes dentro de la torre. En este mtodo se
considera la variacin de los flujos molares de lquido y vapor.
Al igual que el mtodo de McCabe-Thiele, en la columna se deben considerar dos
zonas: enriquecimiento y despojamiento:
Zona de enriquecimiento (condensador total)
Balance global de materia
(1)
Balance del componente ms liviano
(2)
(4)
(14)
F=D+W
(17)
zF F = yD D + xW W
(18)
Actividad
Revisar el ejemplo No. 9.8 de Treybal, 1991.
F=D+B
5000 = D + B
Balance del ms volatil
FXF = DXD + BXB
2500 = 0.95D + 0.01B
B = 2,393.617 Kg
D = 84.512 Kg
En B :
2393.617Kg (0.01) = 23.936 Kg de CH3OH
2393.617Kg(0.99) = 2369.681 Kg H2O
Kg mol
f. peso
f.mol
Kg
F
5000
216.762
0.5
0.360
2606.383
84.512
.95
0.914
2393.617
132.25
0.01
0.00565
Para determinar HF
Hs = (-2.5164KJ / kg mol)(0.360)
Hs = -905.904 KJ / Kg mol
HF = 3.615 KJ /Kg mol C (60.77-20)C(23.1)Kg mol
HF = 2,498.656 KJ / Kg mol
L / D = RD
RD = 1.5RD min
RD min = HD min - - Hy1 / HY1 - HD
Del grfico
HD min =64,000 LJ / kg mol
Hy1 =39,000 KJ / kg mol
HD = 3,600 KJ / kg mol
RD min = 0.706
RD = 1.059
RD = HD - Hy1 / HY1 - HD
Despejando HD
HD = 76,488.6 KJ / kg mol
Se construye el grfico de 9 etapas
X1 = 0.783
Y2 = 0.845
X2 = 0.656
Y3 = 0.783
X3 = 0.52
Y4 = 0.718
X4 = 0.383
Y5 = 0.651
X5 = 0.284
Y6 = 0.502
X6 = 0.124
Y7 = 0.235
X7 = 0.039
Y8 = 0.06
X8 = 0.0056
Y9 = 0.056
HD = 76,488.6 KJ / kg mol
HD = Qc /D
Qc = HD D
Qc = 76,488.6 KJ / kg mol (84.512 Kg mol)
Qc = 6,464,204.563 KJ
HB = HB - QB / B
QB = (45,000 + 5700) KJ / Kg mol (132.25) Kg mol
QB = 6,705,075 KJ
V1 = L0 + D
V1 / D = L0/ D + D / D
V1 = (L0 / D +1 ) D
V1 = (1.059 +1) 84.512
V1 = 174.010 Kg mol
L0 = 89.498 Kg mol
Plato 1
V2 = L1l +D
V2y2 = L1x1 + DxD
L1y2 + Dy2 = L1x1 + DxD
L1 = D (x2 - y2) / (y2 - x1)
L1 = 84.512 (0.914 - 0.845) / (0.845 - 0.873)
L1 = 94.053
V2 = 94.053 + 84.512
V2 = 178.56
Plato 2
V3 = L2 + V2
V3y3 = L2x2 + V2y2
L2y3 + V2y3 = L2x2 + V2y2
L2y3 + V2y3 = L2x2 + V2y2
L2 = V2 (y2 - y3) / (y3 - x2)
L2 = 178.56 (0.845 - 0.783) / (0.783 - 0.656)
L2 = 87.71 kgmol
V3 = 265.73 kgmol
Plato 3
V4 = V3 + L3
V4y4 = V3y3 + L3x3
L3 = V3 (y3 - y4) / (y4 - y3)
M prom
100
18.02
96.4
0.02
0.134
18.3004
93.5
0.04
0.23
18.5808
91.2
0.06
0.304
18.8612
89.3
0.08
0.365
19.1416
87.7
0.1
0.418
19.422
84.4
0.15
0.517
20.123
81.7
0.2
0.579
20.824
78
0.3
0.665
22.226
75.3
0.4
0.729
23.628
73.1
0.5
0.779
25.03
71.2
0.6
0.825
26.432
69.3
0.7
0.87
27.834
67.5
0.8
0.915
29.236
66
0.9
0.958
30.638
65
0.95
0.979
31.339
64.5
32.04
Cp de tablas (kJ)
0.0588
4.17
0.123
4.0494
0.273
3.82389
0.458
3.38187
0.696
2.95236
2.502
Cp
0.06
4.16483252
0.11
4.08670515
0.16
4.00197645
0.21
3.91162062
0.26
3.81661183
0.31
3.71792424
0.36
3.61653204
0.41
3.5134094
0.46
3.40953049
0.51
3.30586949
0.56
3.20340058
0.61
3.10309793
0.66
3.00593571
0.71
2.91288811
0.76
2.82492929
0.81
2.74303342
0.86
2.6681747
0.91
2.60132728
0.96
2.54346535
2.5043
CALOR DE SOLUCIN
X
0.06
6.77990755
0.11
5.82355683
0.16
4.98055491
0.21
4.24255579
0.26
3.60121347
0.31
3.04818195
0.36
2.57511523
0.41
2.17366731
0.46
1.83549219
0.51
1.55224387
0.56
1.31557635
0.61
1.11714363
0.66
0.94859971
0.71
0.80159859
0.76
0.66779427
0.81
0.53884075
0.86
0.40639203
0.91
0.26210211
0.96
0.09762499
HL = CL (tL - T0) Mp + Hs
MONOGRAMA DE CALOR LATENTE DE VAPORIZACIN
X
Cpv (kJ)
Y*
Cpw (J)
0.06
91.2
3.03576
0.304
1000.8
2323
2164.23
0.08
89.3
3.02325
0.365
1017.4
2323
2165.4
0.1
87.7
3.01074
0.418
1034.16
2323
2230.97
0.15
84.4
2.99823
0.517
1038.3
2323
2239.29
0.2
81.7
2.97738
0.579
1038.3
2323
2253.46
0.3
78
2.9607
0.665
1042.5
2323
2301.84
0.4
75.3
2.95236
0.729
1042.5
2323
2306.01
0.5
73.1
2.93985
0.779
1042.5
2323
2335.2
0.6
71.2
2.92734
0.825
1050.84
2323
2376.9
0.7
69.3
2.919
0.87
1075.86
2323
2376.9
0.8
67.5
2.91966
0.915
1075.86
2323
2381.07
0.9
66
2.89815
0.958
1084.2
2323
2381.07
0.95
65
2.88564
0.979
1084.2
2323
2381.07
64.5
2.8773
1086
2323
2381.07
HG
Y*
HL
47060
5576
0.05
46217.42
0.05
5242.767131
0.1
45489.04
0.1
4983.8061
0.15
44862.36
0.15
4783.766131
0.2
44324.86
0.2
4628.9736
0.25
43864.03
0.25
4507.432031
0.3
43467.37
0.3
4408.8221
0.35
43122.38
0.35
4324.501631
0.4
42816.57
0.4
4247.5056
0.45
42537.32
0.45
4172.546131
0.5
42272.25
0.5
4096.0125
0.55
42008.8
0.55
4015.971131
0.6
41734.47
0.6
3932.1656
0.65
41436.75
0.65
3846.016633
0.7
41103.13
0.7
3760.6221
0.75
40721.09
0.75
3680.757031
0.8
40278.14
0.8
3612.8736
0.85
39761.77
0.85
3565.101131
0.9
39159.46
0.9
3547.2461
0.95
38458.7
0.95
3570.792131
37647
3648.9
BIBLIOGRAFA
TREYBAL, ROBERT E. Mass Transfer Operations. Third Edition. McGraw Hill Book Company.
United States of America, 1987.
PERRY, JOHN H. Manual del Ingeniero Qumico. Tomo I y II. Primera Edicin. Editorial UTEHA.
Mxico DF,1974.
Autor:
Ponchon & Savarit
INSTITUTO TECNOLGICO DE MORELIA
Mxico
Departamento de Ingeniera Bioqumica
10 de diciembre de 2003