A SANSKRIT GRAMMAR FOR. BEGINNERS BY F. MAX MULLER NEW AND ABRIDGED EDITION ACCENTED AND TRANSLITERATED THROUGHOUT WITH A CHAPTER ON SYNTAX AND AN APPENDIX ON CLASSICAL METRES BY A. A. MACDONELL, M.A., Px. D. MEMBER OF THE GERMAN ORIENTAL SOCIETY AND OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND LONDON LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO. 1886 All rights reservedCORRIGENDA. Page 12, line 11, for (39) read (42). 25, line §, for (92) read (93). 35, line 18, for (155) read (156). 42, note 2, line 1, for (193) read (197). 47, line 2, for 183, note 2, read 183. 73) § 131, line 11, for (178, 180).read (178, 179). 115, line 6, after 158, 160 add 161. 136, last line but one, for Avyaytbhava read Avyaytbhava.PREFACE T0 THE NEW EDITION. As I am growing old I begin to feel that it is difficult, if not impossible, to keep my books young, or to revive them constantly by what we call new editioris. When I had revised the last edition of my Sanskrit Grammar, I bade farewell to it. What I had wished to achieve, little as it may seem, I had achieved, namely, to supply a grammatical manual, correct. in all its rules and paradigms, and contain- ing for all important matters references to Panini, the highest grammatical authority, recognised as such by all post-Vedie writers of Sanskrit. It may not seem, as I said, to be a very high aim to produce a correct grammar, and to make its correctness dependent on the authority of another grammarian. But when we examine other grammars, and see, for instance, such forms as niman given through successive editions as a Nominative and Accu- sative singular, when we see such breaches of the simplest phonetic rules as in Benfey’s impossible form ad&ktam’, etc., matched in one of the most recent Sanskrit Grammars by Whitney (arauttam)’, a claim to freedom from clerical errors will hardly be considered & very modest claim. Nor do I flatter myself to have always reached that standard of cor- rectness which is represented to us in the truly marvellous work of Panini. It has been argued, not without :a certain plausibility, that no grammar, not even that of Panini, ought to be constituted into an infallible tribunal, but that the lan- guage itself and the literature should form the final court 1 Kurze Grammatik, § 265, ix, p. 178, paradigm dah. ? Sanskrit Grammar, § 882, paradigm rudh, a2