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TYPES OF ADMIXTURES:
SET CONTROLLERS (ACCELERATORS AND
RETARDERS)
WATER REDUCERS PLASTICIZERS / SUPERPLASTICIZERS AIR-ENTRAINING ADMIXTURES VISCOSITY MODIFYING ADMIXTURES POZZOLANIC OR MINERAL ADMIXTURES OTHER SPECIALTY ADMIXTURES
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ACCELERATORS
PRIMARY FUNCTION: ACCELERATE EARLY STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT MOST COMMON ACCELERATOR: CaCl2 (Not suitable for RCC) AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES, ACCELERATORS MAY
ACCELERATORS
DEPRESS
FREEZING
POINT
OF
ACCELERATORS
WHEN CaCl2 IS USED AS AN ACCELERATOR IN COLD REGIONS, THE RESISTANCE OF AIR ENTRAINED CONCRETE TO FREEZING & THAWING AT LATER AGES IS ADVERSELY AFFECTED CaCl2 RAISES RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE EROSION AND ABRASION AT ALL AGES TO
DEMAND FOR ACCELERATORS HAS DECREASED, ESPECIALLY IN PRECAST CONCRETE AS OTHER MEANS TO ACHIEVE EARLY STRENGTH EXIST (eg. LOW w/c USING HRWR) HOWEVER, USE OF ACCELERATORS TEMPERATURE CONTINUES AT LOW
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RETARDERS
PRIMARY FUNCTION : DELAY SETTING OF CEMENT IN GENERAL, ALSO SLOW DOWN HARDENING OF PASTE USEFUL IN
HOT WEATHER CONCRETING PREVENTING FORMATION OF COLD JOINTS OBTAINING ARCHITECTURAL FINISH OF EXPOSED AGGREGATE ACHIEVING CONTINUOUS MASSIVE POURS INSTEAD OF SEGMENTAL CONSTRUCTION
COMMON RETARDER : Sugar WITH INCORRECT (HIGHER) QUANTITIES, THEY CAN TOTALLY INHIBIT THE SETTING & HARDENING ABOUT 0.05% OF SUGAR BY MASS OF CEMENT ACCEPTABLE AS RETARDER (4h DELAY IN SETTING)
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RETARDERS
0.2 TO 1% SUGAR BY MASS OF CEMENT CAN ACHIEVE AN INEXPENSIVE KILL SUGAR CAUSES VERY LESS EARLY STRENGTH, BUT HELPS IN ENHANCED STRENGTH BEYOND 7 DAYS (BECAUSE DELAYED SETTING PRODUCES DENSER HYDRATED CEMENT GEL) EFFECTIVENESS DEPENDS ON TIME OF ADDITION IN THE MIX (eg. ADDITION OF RETARDER AFTER 2 mins OF ADDITION OF WATER INCREASES RETARDATION, esp. @ HIGH C3A CONTENT) (BECAUSE ONCE SOME C3A HAS REACTED WITH GYPSUM, IT DOES NOT REQUIRE MUCH OF RETARDER, HENCE MORE OF THE RETARDER WOULD NOW BE AVAILABLE TO ACT ON THE CALCIUM SILICATES) 6
RETARDERS
EFFECT OF RETARDERS IS SMALLER AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES RETARDERS TEND TO INCREASE PLASTIC SHRINKAGE (BECAUSE THE DURATION OF PLASTIC STAGE IS EXTENDED) DRYING SHRINKAGE IS NOT AFFECTED BY RETARDERS
TYPES :
WATER REDUCERS (WR) ONLY WR & RETARDER WR & ACCELERATOR
COMMON WR CAN REDUCE w BY ABOUT 15% CONCRETE CONTAINING A WRA GENERALLY EXHIBITS LOW SEGREGATION AND GOOD FLOWABILITY EFFECTIVENESS OF WRA IS GREATEST WHEN USED WITH LOW ALKALI AND LOW C3A CONTENT
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WATER CONTENT
TYPE OF AGGREGATE USED PRESENCE OF AE AGENTS OR POZZOLANAS TEMPERATURE
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SUPERPLASTICIZERS (SP)
FUNCTION : IMPROVE WORKABILITY; PRODUCE HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE) THEY ARE WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC POLYMES MAJORITY OF SPs ARE SODIUM SALTS (CAUSE HIGHER ALKALI CONTENT)
MOST
SUPERPLASTICIZERS
DO
NOT
PRODUCE
SUPERPLASTICIZERS (SP)
SPs DO NOT ENTRAIN LARGE AMOUNS OF AIR; HENCE THEY CAN BE USED IN LARGER DOSAGES AS COMPARED TO WRAs
EFFECTIVENESS OF SP IS LIMITED IN DURATION, HENCE IT WOULD BE ADVANTAGEOUS TO ADD IT TO THE MIX IN TWO OR EVEN THREE OPERATIONS BUT, REPEATED REUSE OF SP MAY CAUSE / INCREASE BLEEDING AND SEGREGATION (HENCE SP-CEMENT COMPATIBILITY STUDIES ARE ESSENTIAL BEFORE HIGH DOSAGE / REPEATED REUSE)
SOMETIMES, SP USAGE MAY EFFECTIVENESS OF AE AGENT REDUCE THE
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WHICH
ACT
AS
FLEXIBLE
BALL
TYPES : NATURAL WOOD RESINS, ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS, etc DUE TO THE BENEFITS OF AE CONCRETE, 85% OF USAs CONCRETE CONTAINS ONE OR OTHER AE AGENT
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WATER APPLICATIONS
THESE ADMIXTURES FIX PART OF THE MIX WATER AND HINDER ITS MOVEMENT, THUS INCREASING THE VISCOSITY OF THE MIX
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CORROSION INHIBITORS
THESE AGENTS INCREASE CORROSION
RESISTANCE BY :
PASSIVATION OF STEEL CONVERT THE FERROUS IONS AT ANODE INTO STABLE Fe2O3
ALKALI SILICA REACTION MITIGATING ADMIXTURES : THEY BIND REACTIVE SILICA TO FORM NON EXPANSIVE COMPOUNDS
DAMP-PROOFING AND WATER-PROOFING ADMIXTURES GAS FORMING ADMIXTURES ALKALI-AGGREGATE ADMIXTURES EXPANSION INHIBITING
GROUTING ADMIXTURES
FUNGICIDAL, GERMICIDAL, INSECTICIDAL ADMIXTURES COLOURING ADMIXTURES, etc.
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