""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

2' ' o
' +

"# "",

"$$%$$

% ,-
,0 %, -0

()

,, , :""
#:
: : C
#: :
:
"
,
33"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

2'

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

'

, C , " " ",

, , ", , "
: : " "

') z0 C
:" ' " z0 C
' ')) S C
' ')) S
' )') S (S)
0) S S = S (S)
' C

: S C ": ,

:" ,
)4 H
S C I" ,: , ":" (S)
S C ' C
33"

33"

""

'*

* * C

# ,

'* *

"

&
) , z0 C . # , S C .
, ,0 0 z0 , . , S

""

'*

* * C

'* *

f :SC C
z w

, ) .

"

, ) w = f (z)

z = x + iy
w = u + iv

,.
f (z) = u(x, y) + i v(x, y)

u
33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

. 1

"

u : (R R)

S R

v : (R R)

S R

v . . R R 0. R

33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

f :SC C
z w

f :SC C
z w/, w = f (z)

&

, ) .

"

, ) w = f (z)

z = x + iy
w = u + iv

f : S Cz Cw . , . . 0
z S . 6 , w Cw

) ,

,.
f (z) = u(x, y) + i v(x, y)

(f, S, Cw )
z
w

= x + iy S
= u + i v Cw

f (z) = u + i v
33"

33"

u : (R R)

S R

v : (R R)

S R

v . . R R 0. R

""

'*

* * C

'* *

#' ' o
"" " )**

-)

) ) C

-) )

"
33"
'*

0#

'* *

SC

'*

0#

"

* * C

'* *

"

f :S C
z w/ w = f (z)

z = x + iy

w = u + iv

:
< -) f * z ) z0 " w0 C "
lm f (z) = w0

zz0

" * f (z) " ) *: w0 "

* z " ")) * z0 * *) @

33"
""

'*

0#

* * C

'* *

"

: < ))
% -) f * z ) z0 " w0 C
" zz
lm f (z) = w0 ' * f (z) " $ '( w0
0
" * z " -$$ ' z0
* *) @

S *)

z0 S

33"

""

*"*: < * )H)

lm f (z) = w0 '( '* ' )* w0 " )**
zz0
)* * z0 ) < )" "" )" ** )*
w0
*"*: )":
lm f (z) = w0 N (w0 , ) " )** N (z0 , )
zz0
)* * z0 ) < " z N (z0 , ) )"
w = f (z) N (w0 , )

* * C

"

: < ))
% -) f * z ) z0 " w0 C
" zz
lm f (z) = w0 ' * f (z) " $ '( w0
0
" * z " -$$ ' z0
* *) @

""

*"*: < * )H)

lm f (z) = w0 '( '* ' )* w0 " )**
zz0
)* * z0 ) < )" "" )" ** )*
w0
*"*: )":
lm f (z) = w0 N (w0 , ) " )** N (z0 , )
zz0
)* * z0 ) < " z N (z0 , ) )"
w = f (z) N (w0 , )
33"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

!$

""

'*

* * C

"

; 7 7 z0 (S)
z0 (S)
lm f (z) = w0
T
> 0, > 0 / ( z N (z0 , ) S w = f (z) N (w0 , )
zz0

iz
2
lm f (z)

f (z) =
zi

33"
'*

!$

& . //
% 2/ f 6 z / z0 7 w0 C
7 zz
lm f (z) = w0 ' 6 f (z) 7 $ '( w0
7 6 z 7 -$$ ' z0
6 6/ ;
676& . 6 /?/
lm f (z) = w0 '( '* ' /6 w0 7 /66
zz
/6 6 z0 / . /7 77 /7 66 /6
w0
676& /7&
lm f (z) = w0 N (w0 , ) 7 /66 N (z0 , )
zz
/6 6 z0 / . 7 z N (z0 , ) /7
w = f (z) N (w0 , )
""

'* *

* * C

'* *

S : |z| < 1

"

!$
676& /7&
lm f (z) = w0 N (w0 , ) 7 /66 N (z0 , )
zz
/6 6 z0 / . ' z N (z0 , ) .'
w = f (z) N (w0 , )
676& 7&

33"
""

'*

* * C

lm f (z) = w0
T
> 0, > 0 / ( z N (z0 , ) S w = f (z) N (w0 , )

676& 7& /6

iz
2
lm f (z)

f (z) =

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

33"

z/0 < |z z0 | < |f (z) w0 | <

"

zz0

z N (z0 , ) z 6= z0 w = f (z) N (w0 , )

> 0, > 0 /

z0 (S)

lm f (z) = w0

; 7 7 z0 (S)

zz0

> 0, > 0 /

'* *

!$

zi

S : |z| < 1

33"

""

'*

* * C

!( *,

'* *

!$' ,. zz
lm

f (z)

"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

!( *,
zz
lm

$. .$ $ 1$.!!

zz
lm

f (z) = w0

F (z) = W0

"

$ . ;

! ,. $ $& * *+&,
lm [f + F ](z) = lm f (z) + lm F (z) = w0 + W0

zz0

zz0

zz0

! ,. !.
lm [f . F ](z) = lm f (z) . lm F (z) = w0 .W0

zz0

zz0

zz0

! ,. .
?$
33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

!( *,

"

33"
""

'*

* * C

.$

lm

zz0

zz
lm

f (z) = w0

!( *,

w0
f (z)
=
F (z)
W0

F (z) = W0

"

$ . ;

! ,. $ $& * *+&,
lm [f + F ](z) = lm f (z) + lm F (z) = w0 + W0

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

zz0

lm
u(x, y) = u0

(x,y)(x0 ,y0 )

lm

(x,y)(x0 ,y0 )

zz0

zz0

! ,. !.
lm [f . F ](z) = lm f (z) . lm F (z) = w0 .W0

zz0

v(x, y) = v0

zz0

zz0

! ,. .
?$

33"

'* *

w 0 = u0 + i v0 .

.$

zz
lm

! f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y) z0 = x0 + i y0 ,

$ $' $

lm F (z) = W0 6= 0

zz0

33"

lm F (z) = W0 6= 0

zz0

.$

lm

zz0

w0
f (z)
=
F (z)
W0

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

'

""

* * C

'* *

lm z = z0

lm z = z0

lm z n = z0n
lm c = c

zz0

lm z n = z0n

zz0

cC

lm c = c

zz0

P (z) = a0 + a1 .z + + an .z n

cC

P (z) = a0 + a1 .z + + an .z n

lm P (z) = P (z0 )

lm P (z) = P (z0 )

zz0

zz0

,.. ,

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

,.. ,

lm |f (z)| = |w0 |

zz0

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

,.. ,

33"
'*

* * C

'* *

"

lm |f (z)| = |w0 |

zz0

,.. ,

'

33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

'

lm z = z0

lm z = z0

zz0

zz0

lm z n = z0n

lm z n = z0n

zz0

lm c = c

zz0

"

zz0

zz0

""

'

zz0

'*

zz0

cC

lm c = c

zz0

P (z) = a0 + a1 .z + + an .z n

cC

P (z) = a0 + a1 .z + + an .z n

lm P (z) = P (z0 )

lm P (z) = P (z0 )

zz0

zz0

,.. ,

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

lm |f (z)| = |w0 |

,.. ,

zz0

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

,.. ,

33"

lm |f (z)| = |w0 |

zz0

,.. ,

33"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

'

'' >A A A C >A A A % '

=

lm z = z0

zz0

lm z n = z0n
lm c = c

{}

/1 415 /*117

zz0
zz0

cC

P (z) = a0 + a1 .z + + an .z n

zP

., N ()

..

lm P (z) = P (z0 )

zz0

lm f (z) = w0

zz0

lm |f (z)| = |w0 |

'' >A A A C >A A A % '

#' ' o
,..

6,

, ,

|z| > 1/

%%'

,.

'' >A A A C >A A A % '

=

{}

/1 415 /*117
zP

., N ()
..

6, ,

. .,

|z 0| > 1

> 0 BC
|z| > 1/
, .= N ()

= ,. ,
,

%%'

|z 0| > 1

= ,. ,

> 0 BC
|z| > 1/
, .= N ()

zz0

,.. ,

%%'

. .,
,.. ,

%%'

|z| > 1/

,.

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

!$ ,$/ !0$$2

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

9 -) )
lm f (z) =

zz0

" "9 " * <* > 0 ") > 0 ) >

1
z/ 0 < |z z0 | <

|f (z)| >

lm f (z) = lm

zz0

33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

#' ' o

"" " )**

-)

"

33"
""

'*

1
=0
f (z)

* * C

'* *

"

9 -) )
lm f (z) = w0

" "9 " * <* > 0 ") > 0 ) >

|f (z) w0 | < z/ |z| >

) ) C

-) )

"
33"

zz0

33"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

#' ' o

"" " )**

-)

-) )

"

'*

* * C

"

lm f (z)

f (z0 )

'* *

* * C

lm f (z)

f (z0 )

"

'* *

"

zz0

lm f (z) = f (z0 )

zz0

lm f (z) = f (z0 )

zz0

9
9 " # (* " " ) )" "
)" *9

33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

@*"
)" " *) "9 )
* " )"
f (z) " ) z0 f (z0 ) 6= 0 )" f (z) 6= 0
)* z0
f (z) " ) *9 )
)" f (z) " ) *9

zz0

33"

'*

9
9 " # (* " " ) )" "
)" *9

9
9 " # z0 " " ")" <

""

) ) C

""

9
9 " # z0 " " ")" <

33"

33"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

1
z0 C f 1 1 , z0
! f z0 ( f (z0 )

!(
,( ( !, (1 ,
! ( ,(
f (z) ( , z0 f (z0 ) 6= 0 ,( f (z) 6= 0
,! z0
f (z) ( , !1 ,
,( f (z) ( , !1

f (z) f (z0 )
z z0

lm

zz0

(! D , (, (, ( ( (!
f (z0 ) = lm

zz0

f (z) f (z0 )
z z0

D f ( ! z0 (, ( ! z0
!(
f ( ! , ,( ( , ,
(,!!

!<! (! ( !,
33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

#' ' o

(( ( ,!!

<,

, , C

<, ,

"

33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

1
z0 C f 1 1 , z0
! f z0 ( f (z0 )
f (z) f (z0 )
z z0

lm

zz0

(! D , (, (, ( ( (!
f (z0 ) = lm

zz0

f (z) f (z0 )
z z0

D f ( ! z0 (, ( ! z0

!(
f ( ! , ,( ( , ,
(,!!

!<! (! ( !,
33"

33"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

# # - #

""

'*

* * C

'* *

#' ' o

"

" & f (z) = |z|2 z0 = 0

f (z) = |z|2 z0 6= 0

"" " &00

z = z z0 z = z0 + z

3&

& & C

3& &

&

"

= f (z) f (z0 )

z
= = z0 + z + z0
z
z
z0 = 0 &0"

(z0 = 0) = z
z
" 3& 0 z 0 "
"& lmz0
z " z0 6= 0
"00 9 z = x + iy y = mx.
33"
""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

""

'*

* * C

'* *

"

- 3
" "0" 0

0" " &"

d
dz c = 0, c C
d
dz z = 1
d n
n1
dz z = n z
d

dz c.f (z) = c.f (z) c

33"

f (z) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y),

z0 = x0 + iy0 C

& 9 "& 0 f (z0 ) &"

" 0" "" 0= " 0

"& " 0" 0" u(x, y) v(x, y) (x0 , y0 )

"&"

3 "
ux (x0 , y0 ) = vy (x0 , y0 )

uy (x0 , y0 ) = vx (x0 , y0 )

P" 0 0"

f (z0 ) = vy (x0 , y0 ) i uy (x0 , y0 )

f (z0 ) = ux (x0 , y0 ) + i vx (x0 , y0 )

f (z0 ) = ux (x0 , y0 ) i uy (x0 , y0 )
f (z0 ) = vy (x0 , y0 ) + i vx (x0 , y0 )
33"

33"

""

'*

""

!$ $

f (z) = u + iv u
z0 $/ f

22

!$

""

$%%%)%

z0 C

* * C

/$/ / /

z0

/ %

!$ $

$%%%)%

z0 C

$ $ C

f (z) = u + iv u
z0 $/ f

/$/ / /

z0

/ %

$% / / /$/ / %/ / %$ =

$% / / /$/ / %/ / %$ =

z2

f (z) =
f (z) = |z|2
f (z) = z

/
/

f (z) = z 2
f (z) = |z|2
f (z) = z

,
,",

% %

,
,",

% %

% % %$% @ = / %

% % %$% @ = / %

/ %

, ,5,

..2
22

!$

""

/ %

$ $ C

!$ $

$%%%)%

z0 C

f (z) = u + iv u
z0 $/ f

22

z0

,
$% / / /$/ / %/ / %$ =

$ $ C

!$ $

R2

A%/ / /

A%/ / %/ %/ /

/ % %$% $ / /%/

R
R2

!$

6" "7 ,
,"

/$/ / /

/ %

..2

, ,5,

f (z) = z 2
f (z) = |z|2
f (z) = z

/
/

$% )

R2

,
,",

% %

% % %$% @ = / %
$

/ %

..2

, ,5,

..2