STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Collect and Display Data

Chapter
Big Idea

12

Collecting and displaying data helps me describe the world around me and solve problems.

Learning Goals
I can create and label a line graph. I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can choose an appropriate method of collecting data and justify my choice. I can graph data that I have collected. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

Essential Question
How can collecting data and creating graphs help me solve problems?

Important Words
continuous data discrete data

Grappling with Graphs

Use your knowledge of graphs and data to answer the questions. Example:
Weather on Sunday 30

Temperature (C)

20

10

10 11 12

Time (p.m.)

a. At what time will it be the hottest?

4 p.m.
b. What is the temperature range for this afternoon? Between 22 and 24 degrees. c. Your friend wants to go swimming at the outdoor pool this afternoon. Is this a good idea? How do you know? Yes, because the temperature is nice. d. Explain the change in temperature over time.

As the day goes on, the temperature gets higher, reaching its peak at 4p.m. and then dropping toward the end of the day.

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Grappling with Graphs (continued)

11. George used data from the Environment Canada website and drew the graph below to help him plan what to do on his summer vacation.
Predicted High Temperatures in July 30

Temperature (C)

20

10

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Date

a. What is the daily high temperature predicted to be on July 19? b. On which days will the temperature be above 22C? c. On which day(s) should George go to the outdoor pool? Why? d. Where else could George have found this data? e. Is this discrete data or continuous data? How can you tell?
Discrete data is data that can only be some specific numbers, such as a whole number of people.

12. What could each graph below be showing? a. b. c.

Continuous data is data that could be any number, such as a height of 2.58 metres.

Time

Time

Time

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Grappling with Graphs (continued)

13. Georgia saw the graph below on display when she was visiting the waste water treatment plant.
Daily Municipal Water Use per Person
0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Water use (m3 per person)

Year

a. How much water did the average person use each day in 1991? b. In which year was water usage the highest? c. Georgias city wants to reduce water usage. What year should they use as an example of smart water use? d. Could Georgia have drawn a line to connect the points on this graph? Why or why not? e. What could influence the trend in this data? 14. Hazel made the graph below to compare the number of hours to the number of days.
120 96 Hours 72 48 24 0 0 1 2 3 4 Days 5 6

a. What kinds of predictions can you make from the data? b. Why did Hazel use a line to connect the points on this graph? c. How many hours are there in three days? d. About how many days are there in 100 hours? e. How could you improve this graph?

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Grappling with Graphs (continued)

15. Harrison found the graph below on a website.

Errors in a Book 14 Number of errors found 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of chapters 9 10

a. Explain any trend(s) the graph shows. b. Identify the labels on the x- and y-axes on the graph. c. Why might someone make a graph like this? 16. Identify whether each of the following examples is discrete data or continuous data. a. The number of questions on your weekly spelling tests over the course of the year. b. The height of a sunflower plant over the course of the summer. c. The weight of a grizzly bear over the course of the winter. d. The number of grizzly bears in one particular area over the course of the summer.

17. Which graphs show a change over time? 18. What type of data was used to make this type of graph?

I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

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I Need a Graph!

Use your skills with displaying data to interpret line graphs to solve the problems. Example: Xia looked at this graph online and thought it indicated that it was going to get cool in the afternoon. Is she correct?
Temperature Overnight
30

Temperature (C)

20

10

Time

No, the graph shows the weather beginning at 5 p.m. It is going to get cool overnight, not in the af ternoon. Xia needs to pay more attention to the labels of the graph.

11. Tell a story that the graph below could represent.

Height (m)

Time (hours)

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I Need a Graph! (continued)

12. Ivan is part of the Eco-team at Waterside School. He made the graphs below to compare the trees planted at his school with the trees planted at Main Street School.
Trees Planted by Waterside School 45 Number of trees planted 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Trees Planted by Main Street School 45 Number of trees planted 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year

a. About how many trees did Waterside School plant in 2002? b. In what year did Main Street School plant 30 trees? c. Explain how you can tell which school has planted more trees. d. How else could Ivan have displayed this data?

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I Need a Graph! (continued)

13. Scientists have been keeping track of the sea otter population because they are worried about the effect of environmental pollutants on sea otters.
Sea Otter Population 2500

2000 Number of sea otters

1500

1000

500

19

84

19

86

19

88

19

90

19

92
Year

19

94

19

96

19

98

20

00

20

02

a. Explain whether you think the scientists need to be worried about the sea otter population. b. Should the points on this graph be connected by a line? 14. Explain how you could improve this graph.
25 20 Temperature (C) 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 J F M A M J J A Month S O N D

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I Need a Graph! (continued)

15. The provincial government says they are not worried about air quality. Use the data in the graph below to explain whether you agree with them.
Air Quality Index
16.0

Days classified as Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (%)

14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Year

16. Write three questions you could answer using the graph below.
Mass of a Grizzly Bear Cub
30

Mass (kg)

20

10

12

18

24

30

36

42

Age (weeks)

17. Exchange questions from question 6 with a partner and answer each others questions. 18. Where in real life have you seen graphs such as these?
I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

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Delightful Data

Use your knowledge of graphing to critique the given graphs and suggest ways to improve them. Compare different representations of the same data. Example: Lawrence and Leon have a baby sister, Lacey. The boys collected data about Laceys weight, and each of them made a graph to show how fast she is growing.
Age (months) Weight (kg) birth 3.2 3 5.4 6 6.8 9 8.8 12 10.2
Laceys Weight
16 14 12

18 12.6

24 13

36 14.2

Weight (kg)

10 8 6 4 2 0

Lawrences graph:

12

18

24

30

36

Age (months) Laceys Weight

50

40

Weight (kg)

30

Leons graph:

20

10

12

18

24

30

36

Age (months)

Which graph do you prefer? Explain why.

Leons graph makes it look as though Lacey isnt growing very f ast, because he used a scale on the y-axis that goes up to 50 kg. He might have been comparing Lacey to himself , because 50 kg is how much an older boy weighs. I dont think this really shows how well Lacey is growing, because she is only three years old. I pref er Lawrences graph. It is also easier to read.
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Delightful Data (continued)

11. Lawrence found this graph that his mom made to show how he grew during his first three years.
Lawrences Weight
16 14 12

Weight (kg)

10 8 6 4 2 0 0 6 12 18 24 30 36

Age (months)

a. b.

Use the graph to create a table of values, like the one in the example, to show Lawrences weight during his first three years. What challenges did you face when making the table of values?

c. Compare the growth of Lawrence and of his sister, Lacey, during their first three years. d. Explain whether it was easier to compare the data in the graphs or in the tables of values. 12. Make suggestions to improve each of the following graphs. a.
60 50

Biking Distance

Distance

40 30 20 10 0

Time

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Delightful Data (continued)

Leduc Teen Cell Phone Ownership b.

800

c.

90 80 70

600

590 530

642 60 50 40 30 20

Number of teens

400 341 200 229 273

430

10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 Jan. Apr. Jul. Oct.

Age (years)

13. Geneva created the table below to help her understand discrete and continuous data.

. month born . how many kids in f amily . eye colour . gender . waist circumf erence . hair length

Discrete Data

. weight . shoe size . hand span . length of legs . arm length . birthday

Continuous Data

a. Identify any errors Geneva made in her table. b. List two more examples of each type of data.

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Delightful Data (continued)

14. Jasmeen and Khaled were exploring the perimeter of squares and each created a graph of their findings.
Perimeter
20

16

Jasmeens graph:

12

Side length

Perimeter of a Square
40 36 32

Perimeter (cm)

28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 0 1 2 3 4 5

Khaleds graph:

Side length (cm)

a. Do these two graphs show the same data? How can you tell? b. How could Jasmeen improve her graph? c. How could Khaled improve his graph? d. Which graph do you prefer? Explain why that is your preference.

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Delightful Data (continued)

15. Levi was helping his cousin, Kara, keep track of the number of chocolate bars she sold and the profit she made. They each drew a graph to show their data.
50 40

Fundraiser

Levis graph:

30 20 10 0

10

Number of chocolate bars sold

20

15

Karas graph:

10

10

Number

a. Do these two graphs show the same data? How can you tell? b. How could Kara improve her graph? c. How could Levi improve his graph? d. Which graph do you prefer? Explain why that is your preference. 16. Why might you see a line on a graph of discrete data?

I can create and label a line graph. I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

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Line Up the Problems

Create line graphs and dot plots (a series of points) to solve real-world problems. Example: Cherise wants to go camping for a week, and she wants to take best advantage of the weather conditions. The drive to the campsite takes about five hours. When should she leave? When should she come back?
14-Day Forecast 30

Temperature (C)

20

10

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Date

I think Cherise should leave on the 16th and come back on the 22nd. That way, she is in her car on the coldest day, and it will be warm f or most of her camping trip.

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Line Up the Problems (continued)

11. Joey waits at the same bus stop every morning and has noticed a mess of cigarette butts. He and his family decided to put on latex gloves and pick up the butts every Friday night. Joey kept track of how many butts they picked up every week to see if what they were doing was deterring people from throwing their cigarette butts on the ground. His data is shown below.

Week 1 Friday night pick-up: 158 butts Week 2 Friday night pick-up: 149 butts Week 3 Friday night pick-up: 102 butts Week 4 Friday night pick-up: 105 butts Week 5 Friday night pick-up: 95 butts Week 6 Friday night pick-up: 60 butts Week 7 Friday night pick-up: 43 butts Week 8 Friday night pick-up: 30 butts

a. Make a graph of Joeys data. b. Do you think his work is making a difference? Explain why you think this. 12. Xander is planting a vegetable garden with his Dad. Xander keeps track of the growth of the green carrot tops. The carrots will be ready to eat when the green tops are about 35 centimetres tall.
Day Height (cm) 1 0 2 0 3 0.1 4 0.5 5 1 6 2 7 2.5 8 4 9 6 10 8

a. Make a graph of Xanders data. b. When do you think the carrots will be ready to eat?

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Line Up the Problems (continued)

13. Jane started training tin an attempt to improve her long distance running times. As she trained, she kept track of her best times each week and recorded them in the table shown below.
Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (hours) 02:48 02:43 02:38 02:32 02:28 02:24 02:20 02:17 02:14 02:12

a. Create a graph using Janes data. b. What trends do you see in the data? c. Explain how you decided whether or not to connect the points on the graph.

14. How do graphs help you solve problems?

I can create and label a line graph. I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

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Excellent Data

Using the given graphs, answer questions about the types of graph to use, and about collecting data to graph. Example:
Time (minutes) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Number of people remaining 30 25 18 10 3 2

Classroom Freeze-Dance Competition 30 Number of people remaining 25 20 15 10 5 0

Time (minutes)

What does this graph show?

This graph shows the amount of time that has passed in the f reeze-dance competition, and how many people are still in the competition with each minute that passes. If this trend continues, I think it will take six or seven minutes bef ore there is only one person lef t.

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Excellent Data (continued)

11. Lily collected the data below about music preferences in her class.
Type of music Rock Metal Rap Pop Number of students 14 2 4 6

She created the following graph to show the data she collected.
Favourite Music 16 Number of students 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Rock Metal Rap Pop

Type of music

a. What is the most popular type of music? b. How might have Lily collected this data? c. Create a graph to show this data in a more appropriate way. 12. Describe the method you would use to collect data to answer each of the following questions. a. Who won the Tour de France this year? b. How many medals has Canada won in the Winter Olympics? c. What types of shoes do your classmates prefer? d. How many times can you hop without falling?

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Excellent Data (continued)

13. Mateo created this graph to show the balance in his bank account.

Account balance ($)

140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 Aug. 21 Aug. 22 Aug. 23 Aug. 24 Aug. 25 Aug. 26 Aug.

a. Is Mateo saving money or spending it? b. Where do you think Mateo got his data? c. How could Mateo improve this graph?

14. Explain the type of graph you would use to display each of the following sets of data. a. The five favourite books of our class, by gender. b. The number of erasers in most students desks. c. The distance you travelled on your skateboard each day this week. d. Your height throughout elementary school. 15. List three topics that you think would be interesting to research. a. Choose one of the topics and write a questionnaire you could administer to collect data about the topic. b. Choose one of the topics and plan an experiment you could conduct to collect data about the topic. c. Choose one of the topics and find a database you could use to collect data about the topic.

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Excellent Data (continued)

16. Maeve found a website, shown below, that converts a number of years to a number of days, as well as showing several other conversions.

timeconverter.metric.com
Yr to Day Day to Hr Hr to Min Min to Sec 1 year = 365 days 3 years = 1095 days 5 years = 1825 days 7 years = 2555 days 9 years = 3285 days

Maeve created the graph below using the data.

Years and Days 12 11 10 Number of years 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Number of days

a. About how many days old are you? b. What relationship does this graph show? c. Why might Maeve have chosen to show this data in a graph?

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Excellent Data (continued)

17. Paxton designed a questionnaire and gave it to the Grade 6 students in his school. When 50 of the questionnaires were returned, Paxton organized the data in the table below.
Boys Doctor/Dentist Nurse Teacher Lawyer, etc. 10 2 13 5 Girls 6 11 7 1

What do you want to be when you grow up? Doctor/Dentist Nurse Teacher Lawyer Coach

Paxton concluded that most students will become doctors or dentists. a. Do you agree with his conclusion? Explain. b. Describe how he might have improved his questionnaire.

18. Write a question for which the best method by which to collect data and answer the question is: a. a questionnaire. b. an experiment. c. using a database. d. using electronic media.

19. What kinds of data are line graphs best for displaying?

I can choose an appropriate method of collecting data and justify my choice.. I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

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Great Graphs

Use appropriate methods for collecting and displaying data in a graph. Choose the type of graph that best represents the data. Example: Nixon wanted to know how many of his classmates chose healthy snacks. How could he collect this data?

He could do an experiment in which he counted the number of students who chose healthy snacks each day f or a week.
Collect data and create a graph to answer Nixons question.

I counted who chose a healthy snack each day.

Day N umber of students M 5 T 12 W 18 T 12 F 10

Healthy Snacks
20 18 Number of students 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
M T W T F

Day

My graph shows the data f or one week. The points are not connected because the data is discrete. A point where six-and- a- half students brought snacks between Monday and Tuesday wouldn't make any sense.

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Great Graphs (continued)

11. Geneva lost the binder in which she kept the data and graphs for her presentation. Someone found the data samples outside on the playground, but they were all mixed up and the graphs were missing. Choose which set of data best answers each question and create a graph to show the data. a. When are my classmates birthdays?
Age 9 10 11 12 13 Number of students 0 0 5 20 4
Name
Jenny Jake Jaswinder Dora Reese Nick Toby Anabelle Cathy Ramiro

Questionnaire
When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born? When were you born?
December J une April May Feb ruary October October August August August

b. How many people in Room 1 take the bus?

Travel mode Bus Walk Number of students 6 6 9 0 City Edmonton Calgary Vancouver Saskatoon Regina Number of busses 900 850 2300 120 100

Car Bike

c. Is there a relationship between age and bedtime?

Bedtime 8:15 p.m. 8:30 p.m. 8:45 p.m. Number of students IIII IIII IIII I IIII Age (years) 9 10 11 12 298 CHAPTER 12: Collect and Display Data Bedtime 8:15 8:30 8:45 9:00

Great Graphs (continued)

12. How might you find out who was the first figure skater to successfully perform a quadruple jump in competition? 13. Research a sport you know very little about by using a database or electronic media. Gather data and construct a graph to represent some of the data you found. Keep track of the databases and the websites you used. 14. Grow fast-growing grass seeds in empty frozen juice containers. Measure the height of the grass to the nearest millimetre each day over a period of two weeks. Record and graph the data. 15. Conduct an experiment to answer the following question: Is there a relationship between the height from which a ball is dropped and the height to which it bounces? Graph the data you collect and answer the question.

16. Research the speeds of the fastest roller coasters and present the data you find in a graph.

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Great Graphs (continued)

17. Perform an experiment where you roll a die 25 times. a. Record the results. b. Represent the results in a graph. c. Explain how you chose which type of graph to use. d. What conclusions can you draw from the graph?

18. Design and conduct an experiment to answer one of the following questions. Graph your results. a. When you roll a pair of dice 20 times, how many times will you get doubles? b. If you spun the spinner below 15 times, how many times will you land on a white section?

RED

W
W

T HI

c. If you flipped a coin 50 times, how many times would it land on heads?

19. What do you think is the easiest method to collect data? Explain. 10. Explain how you decide which type of graph best represents a particular set of data.
I can create and label a line graph. I can interpret line graphs to help me draw conclusions. I can choose an appropriate method of collecting data and justify my choice. I can graph data that I have collected. I can analyze graphs to help me solve problems.

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W
YELLOW

HI T

BLUE

EE

GREEN

HI

TE