Study Guide for Chapter 2 of Exploring Our World: Earths Physical Geography:

Students who wish to do well on the upcoming quiz will be familiar with the following terms/concepts: 1. Know the definition of term tributary 2. Know which subcategory of the Dry Climate Zone that has grasses and shrubs 3. Know the name given to the large landmass that was once made up of Africa and South America 4. Know the name of the deepest place on Earth 5. Know the definition of the term climate 6. Know the name of the winds that blow over North America 7. Know all the parts of the Earth that make up each: the atmosphere, lithosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere 8. Know the various types of windstorms mentioned in section 2-3 9. Know what El Nin is and what effects it has on weather for both North America and South America 10. Know the makeup (what it is made out of ) of the inner core of the Earth 11. Know what occurs during the processes of weathering and erosion 12. Know the effect the North Atlantic Current has on the climate of western Europe 13. Know the differences between an isthmus, a peninsula, and an island 14. Know the four stages of the water cycle, and what occurs during each stage 15. Know what part of the Earth magma originates in 16. Know what CFCs are, and the effect on the ozone layer 17. Know why the presence of the ozone layer in the atmosphere is important 18. Know the thing in our solar system that is directly linked to the Earths climate 19. Know the meaning of the term irrigation 20. Know the ocean the Ring of Fire surrounds 21. Know the two types of tectonic plates that were involved in the creation of the Andes Mountains 22. Know what percentage of the earth is made up of water 23. Know the meaning of the term mouth as related to rivers 24. Know the meaning of the term biome and be prepared to identify examples 25. Know the name of the winds that blow from east to west between the Tropics and the Equator are called

Document Based Question Preview:

The following are a sneak preview of the diagrams, charts, and blurbs that will appear on the quiz. Please preview each one and look up any words you do not know in a dictionary.

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Category High Latitude Subcategory A Midlatitude Marine west coast Steppe World Climate Zones Characteristics Vegetation Short, mild Coniferous summers; cold forests winters Cool summers, mild Deciduous or winters; ample evergreen rainfall forests Temperatures can be Grasses, warm or mild; shrubs rainfall low and unreliable Warm temperatures throughout year; dry winter Example Most of Alaska and Canada; western Russia B Western Great Plains; Sahel region south of the Sahara (Africa) Southern half of Brazil; eastern Africa

Dry

Tropical

Tropical savanna

Document 2 With no moving air to lift the sails, ships were stranded for weeks in the hot, still weather. Meanwhile, food supplies dwindled and spoiled as the ships sat. To lighten the load so the ships could take advantage of the slightest breeze, sailors would toss supplies overboard, including livestock. This practice gave rise to the name by which the calm areas at the edge of the Tropics are knownthe horse latitudes. Document 3 The San Andreas Fault is the sliding boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. It slices California in two from Cape Mendocino to the Mexican border. San Diego, Los Angeles, and Big Sur are on the Pacific Plate. San Francisco, Sacramento, and the Sierra Nevada are on the North American Plate. And despite San Franciscos legendary 1906 earthquake, the San Andreas Fault does not go through the city. But communities [that] lie squarely on the fault are sitting ducks. The plates are slowly moving past each other a couple of inches a year. But this is not a steady motion; it is the average motion. For years, the plates will be locked with no movement at all as they push against each other. Suddenly, the built-up strain breaks the rock along the fault, and the plates slip a few feet all at once. The breaking rock sends out waves in all directions, and it is the waves that we feel as earthquakes. Source: geology.com/articles/san-andreas-fault.shtml.

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