- Chipko Movement

- Party based movements

- Non-party movements
"We in Himalaya are facing a crisis of
survival due to the suicidal activities being
carried out in the name of development...
The monstrous Tehri dam is a symbol of
this... There is need for a new and long-term
policy to protect the dying Himalaya. I do not
want to see the death of the most sacred
river of the world - the Ganga - for short-term
economic gains."

Sunderlal Bahuguna
 CHIPKO MOVEMENT
(Tree-hugging movement) Ash
 1973 tree
 Chamoli, Uttarakhand s
 Tactic used – hugging the trees to prevent them
from being felled
 Larger issues of ecological and economic
exploitation were raised.
 Demands
 No forest exploiting contracts should be given to
outsiders
 Local communities should have effective control
over natural resources
 Gov. should provide low cost materials to small
industries and ensure development without
disturbing ecological balance
 Minimum wage for landless forest workers
 Highlights of the movement
 Women’s active
participation
 Forest contractors tried to
woo men by giving ‘em
alcohol
 Issue of alcoholism also
raised

END RESULT :
Government issued a ban on felling of trees for
FIFTEEN YEARS until the green cover was fully
restored.
 POPULAR MOVEMENTS

SOCIAL POLITICAL
MOVEMENTS MOVEMENTS
• Anti-Caste Movement • Nationalist Movement
• Kisan Sabhas
• Trade Unions etc.

Deliberations during the colonial period on social and

economic issues during the colonial period gave rise to
independent social movements like bla bla bla…
These movements raised issues related to some
underlying social conflicts.
Movements in the Post-
independence period
(PARTY MOVEMENTS)

 TRADE UNION
MOVEMENT
 Had a strong
presence among the
industrial workers Kanpur
 Major cities
Kolkata
 Major pol. Parties Mumbai
established their
own trade unions
 Communist Party + Marxist Leninist
workers (Naxalites)

PEASANTS’ MOVEMENT
-Telangana, Andhra Pradesh,
-West Bengal and Bihar also

-Massive agitations during early

independence period demanding
redistribution of land to cultivators
-Peasants + Agri labourers held agitations
1. Economic injustice
-Issues tabled were :

5. Inequality
 Connection with the Political Parties

 These movements did not participate in elections formally

 Yet they retained connections – coz many participants in these

movements, as individuals and as organizations were actively
associated with parties

 Benefit – These links ensured better representation of the demands

of diverse social sections in party politics.
NON – PARTY MOVEMENTS
 Rise

 Participants

 Voluntary Organizations

 Non party political formations

 Present Scenario
…Thanks