Section 11.

4:

Contingency Tables and Conditional Probability

Conditional Probability Rule: If E and F are any two event, then N (E and F ) P (E and F ) = . P (F |E ) = P (E ) N (E )

Example 1: The following data represent married status of a sample of Americans 25 years old or older and their levels of education. (H.S. denotes high school). Did not graduate H.S. 4803 13880 1049 1162 4070 2927 27891 H. S. graduate 9575 35627 1049 1636 5278 7725 60890 Some College 5593 19201 503 790 1819 4639 32545 College Graduate 11632 46965 944 1060 2725 7232 70558 Totals 31603 115673 3545 4648 13892 22523 191884

Never married Married, spouse present Married, spouse absent Separated Widowed Divorced Totals

(a) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual who never married is a high school graduate?

(b) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual who is a high school graduate has never married?

(c) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual is a never married college graduate?

SECTION 11.4: CONTINGENCY TABLES AND CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY Did not graduate H.S. 4803 13880 1049 1162 4070 2927 27891 H. S. graduate 9575 35627 1049 1636 5278 7725 60890 Some College 5593 19201 503 790 1819 4639 32545 College Graduate 11632 46965 944 1060 2725 7232 70558 Totals 31603 115673 3545 4648 13892 22523 191884

Never married Married, spouse present Married, spouse absent Separated Widowed Divorced Totals

(d) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual has some college or is divorced?

(e) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual is married with the spouse present given that the individual is a college graduate?

(f) What is the probability that a randomly selected individual did not graduate high school given that the individual is divorced?