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Electricity
www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans
Thermodynamics
Cannot win, can only break even
fatigue
tensile, creep
L.-E. SVENSSON
The Variables
C, Mn, Si, Ni, Mo, Cr, V, Nb, Ti, Al,
N, O, P, S B, …..
Casting, forging …..
welding parameters and processes
prolonged heat treatments
cost
oxidation
thermodynamics
processing
kinetics
wt%
40 µm
Tancret &
1000 Bhadeshia, 2002
800
Yield stress / MPa
600
400
200
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Temperature / °C
Tancret &
Bhadeshia, 2002
700
rupture stress / MPa
600 FT750dc
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 2 3 4 5 6
log (t /h)
ferritic alloy C wt%
650 C
o Cole &
Bhadeshia, 2002
Mechanically
Alloyed
Oxide Dispersion
Fe-20Cr-5Al-
0.5Ti-0.3 yttria
wt%
90% reduction
• Oxidation models?