CPM & PERT

Critical Path Method

Activity A B C D E Predecessor A A A Duration 5 4 3 4 6

F
G H I J

B,C
D D,E F H,G

4
5 6 6 4

Critical Path Method

C H A J D G E

ACFI ADHJ ADGJ AEHJ BFI

= 5 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 18 weeks = 5 + 4 +6 +4 = 19 weeks = 5 + 4 + 5 + 4 = 18 weeks = 5 +6 + 6 + 4 = 21 weeks =4+4+6 = 14 weeks

Critical Path Method

ES S LS ES S LS D LF A EF D LF C EF ES S H EF ES S ES D LF S LS ES S ES S LS D LF B EF LS D LF ES S LS D LF F EF ES S LS D LF I EF E EF D LF G EF LS D LF J EF

LS
ES S LS D EF

LF

Forward Pass
ES S LS ES S LS 5 LF A EF 3 LF C EF ES S H EF ES S ES 4 LF S LS ES S ES S LS 4 LF B EF LS 6 LF ES S LS 4 LF F EF ES S LS 6 LF I EF E EF 5 LF G EF LS 4 LF J EF

LS
ES S LS D EF

LF

EF = ES +D
5 S LS 0 S LS 5 LF A 5 3 LF C 8 11 S H 17 17 S 9 4 LF S LS 5 S 0 S LS 4 LF B 4 LS 6 LF 8 S LS 4 LF F 12 12 S LS 6 LF I 18 E 11 5 LF G 14 LS 4 LF J 21

LS
5 S LS D 9

LF

Backward Pass LS = LF - D
5 S 8 0 S 0 5 5 A 5 3 11 C 8 11 S H 17 17 S 9 4 11 S 12 5 S 0 S 7 4 11 B 4 5 6 11 8 S 11 4 15 F 12 12 S 15 6 21 I 18 E 11 5 17 G 14 17 4 21 J 21

11
5 S 7 D 9

17

Slack Time

= LF EF S = LS - ES
S

Slack Time
5 3 8 0 0 0 5 5 A 5 3 11 C 8 11 0 H 17 17 0 9 4 11 3 12 5 0 0 7 7 4 11 B 4 5 6 11 8 3 11 4 15 F 12 12 3 15 6 21 I 18 E 11 5 17 G 14 17 4 21 J 21

11
5 2 7 D 9

17

Critical Path
5 3 8 0 0 0 5 5 A 5 3 11 C 8 11 0 H 17 17 0 9 4 11 3 12 5 0 0 7 7 4 11 B 4 5 6 11 8 3 11 4 15 F 12 12 3 15 6 21 I 18 E 11 5 17 G 14 17 4 21 J 21

11
5 2 7 D 9

17

Activity

Predecessor

Duration

A B C D E F G

A A,B C C,D A,E C,F

7 6 5 6 4 5 4

PERT
Program E Evaluation R Review T Technique
P

3 Time Estimates
a

= Optimistic Time b = Pessimistic Time m = Most likely Time

PERT t = (a + 4*m +b )/6 v = ((b a) /6) 2

Activity A B C D E a 1 2 1 2 1 m 2 3 2 4 4 b 3 4 3 6 7 t 2 3 2 4 4 Variance .11 .11 .11 .44 1

F
G H

1
3 1

2
4 2

9
11 3

3
5 2

1.78
1.78 .11

Project Variance= Sum of Variance along the critical path = .11+.11 + 1 + 1.78 + .11 = 3.11 Standard Deviation = square root of variance = 1.76

PERT Example
Immed. Optimistic Most Likely Pessimistic Activity Predec. Time (Hr.) Time (Hr.) A -4 6 B -1 4.5 C A 3 3 D A 4 5 E A 0.5 1 F B,C 3 4 G B,C 1 1.5 H E,F 5 6 I E,F 2 5 J D,H 2.5 2.75 Time (Hr.) 8 5 3 6 1.5 5 5 7 8 4.5

Time Activity A B C D E F G H I J K L M Description Excavate Lay foundation Rough plumbing Frame Finish exterior Install HVAC Rough electric Sheet rock Install cabinets Paint Final plumbing Final electric Install flooring a m b 2 3 5 3 4 6 2 3 5 8 10 12 6 8 10 3 4 5 4 6 8 6 8 12 4 5 8 4 5 7 2 4 6 1 2 4 2 4 6

Predecessor

-A B B D D D C, E, F, G H H I J K, L