BUILDING CONSTRUCTION COURSE

FOR ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS

Part two

FOUNDATION

ALBAHA UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
2007 1428

PROFESSOR DOCTOR

MAAZ AHMAD ABDALLA

Free Copy

not for sale

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[ Building Construction / Albaha Faculty of Engineering

FOUNDATIONS OF BUILDING
foundation
loads

Vitruvius "

" ) ( 179

:
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.1
.2
.3
.4
.5

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live & dead Loads

Differential Settelment
swelling
shrinkage freezing

Prerssure Bulb



Pressure intinsity

Pressure
intinsity

:
:
The TOTAL LOADS of the building
.1 ) (
The NATURE and BEARING
.2
CAPACITY of the subsoil

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BEARING CAPACITY
" "





) (

= Cohesive Soil

= Peats

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= Silt

= Made ground

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[ Building Construction / Albaha Faculty of Engineering

Soil Discription

Type of SOIL

ROCK

NON-COHESIVE
SOIL

Granite oe Bazalt
Masively Bedded LIMSTONE
Hard Solid CHALK

Compact Gravel or Sand
medium Sand
) ( Loose Sand
Hard Clay

) (

Very Stiff Clay

COHESIVE SOIL

Stiff Clay

Medium Clay

Soft Clay & Silts

Verry Soft Clay & Silts

) / ( 2
BEARING
CAPACITY
Kg/ cm2

70
30
13
5 3.5
3 - 1.5
1.5 0.5
4
42
2-1
1 0.5
0.5 0.25
0.25

) ( 1986

Soil Invistigation Soil
mechanics

:
Bore Holes
.1
.2 Trial Holes
.3 Local Knowledge

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( BOARING LOG ) Bore Holes

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TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS
Shallow
foundations Deep Foundations
) ( Bearing Capacity

: Shallow foundations


:
.1 ) Strip Foundation ( Strip Footing / Continuous Footing
.2 ) Pad Foundation ( Isolated Footing
.3 ) ( Raft Foundation

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: Deep foundations



:
.1
.2
.3
.4

Pier Foundation
Pile Foundation
) ( Caisson Foundation
Sheet Piles

:1 ) Strip Foundation ( Strip Footing

.

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mass concrete foundation
Bearing capacity
concrete stress
offset )
( ground beam
large stones

Rubble Wall
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Sloping Site


Steped Foundation

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Strip
Footings



45






.

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) (

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: 2
) ISOLATED FOOTINGS ( Pad Foundation





) (







) ( ground Beams

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) ( :



)
(

) (

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: 3 ) (
RAFT FOUNDATION
) (





:
.1 SOLID SLAB RAFT FOUNDATION
.2 ) ( ) RIBED RAFT FOUNDATION ( Beam & Slab

_ ) ( Upstand Beam
_ ) ( Downstand Beam
CELLLULAR RAFT FOUNDATION
.3

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)
( Weathering ) ( Edge beam
Edge thikening
perimeter paving


.
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) (
RAFT FOUNDATION
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DEEP FOUNDATIONS


Foundation Level


Multistory Buildings
:
.1 ) ( Roman Piers Foundation
.2 PILES FOUNDATION :

End Bearing Piles

Friction Piles
1 ) ( Roman Piers Foundation



80


12

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PILES FOUNDATION


25
:
.1 END BEARING PILES
.2 FRICTION PILES











:
.1 Timber Piles
.2 IRON ( Steel ) piles
.3 REINFORCED CONCRETE Piles
.4 COMPOSITE Piles

:




:

Shoe
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: - Simplex
Franki - Vibro - Strong
Under-reamed : STRAUSS
COMPERSSOL WOLFSHOLZER
.... RAYMOND

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:

) ( Drop Hammer






Cap
) ( .

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) ( Toe

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