PROJECT ON INSTALLATION OF

CAMPUS WIDE NETWORK

Presented By:- Aman Garg CS/11/11006 1145725

PROJECT UNDERTAKEN AT BHARAT ELECTRONICS LIMITED(BEL) GHAZIABAD

ABOUT BEL
There are 9 factories established across India Ghaziabad unit is the 2nd largest & was set up in 1974 It manufactures special types of radar for Indian Defence It provides Microwave communication links to the state & central government It also produces Static & Mobile radar, Professional grade Antennae, Microwave equipment & other Defence equipments

PROJECT UNDERTAKEN AT IS- INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT

This department deals with the networking system of the organization. All the organizations data is stored here in the servers. They provide various services to the employee through the intranet like E-Mail Internal and co-operate office curricular Internet

AIM OF THE PROJECT

To Plan, Design, implement & establish a campus wide network

WHAT IS NETWORK?

A NETWORK is the mechanism that enables distributed computers and their users to communicate and share resources. A Network at its simplest is anything that enables two or more computers to communicate with each other and/or other devices.

Why Networking?
Sharing information i.e. data communication
Do you prefer these?

Or this?

 Sharing hardware or software

E.g. print document

Centralize administration and support

E.g. Internet-based, so everyone can access the same administrative or support application from their PCs

TYPES OF NETWORK

Local Area Network (LAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) Local Area Network (LAN) : A Local Area Network (LAN) is a group of
computers and network communication devices within a limited geographic area, such as an office building.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) : MAN is defined as a network that

connects LAN across a city-wide geographic area. It may be a single network such as cable television network.

Wide Area Network (WAN) : A WAN network that spans large

geographical location usually connects multiple LANs. This is generally more expansive technology. Its implementation is more sophisticated than LANs .

BEL NETWORK MODEL

Transmission Media
Two main categories: Guided wires, cables Unguided wireless transmission, e.g. radio, microwave, infrared, sound, sonar Guided media : Twisted-Pair cables: Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cables Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) cables Coaxial cables Fiber-optic cables

Twisted-Pair Cables

If the pair of wires are not twisted, electromagnetic noises from, e.g., motors, will affect the closer wire more than the further one, thereby causing errors

Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)

Typically wrapped inside a plastic cover (for mechanical protection) A sample UTP cable with 5 unshielded twisted pairs of wires

Insulator

Metal

Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)

STP cables are similar to UTP cables, except there is a metal foil or braided-metal-mesh cover that encases each pair of insulated wires

Coaxial Cables
In general, coaxial cables, or coax, carry signals of higher freq (100KHz500MHz) than UTP cables Outer metallic wrapping serves both as a shield against noise and as the second conductor that completes the circuit

Fiber-Optic Cables
Light travels at 3108 ms-1 in free space and is the fastest possible speed in the Universe Light slows down in denser media, e.g. glass Refraction occurs at interface, with light bending away from the normal when it enters a less dense medium

Beyond the critical angle total internal reflection

An optical fiber consists of a core (denser material) and a cladding (less dense material)
Simplest one is a multimode step-index optical fiber Multimode = multiple paths, whereas step-index = refractive index follows a step-function profile (i.e. an abrupt change of refractive index between the core and the cladding) Light bounces back and forth along the core Common light sources: LEDs and lasers

TO PREPARE THE USER NODES/WORKSTATIONS

In order to become a part of the LAN client/user workstation must have following requirements Hardware Requirements Software Requirements

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Minimum 128 MB RAM A NOS(Network Operating System) It must support or consiste of TCP/IP Protocols A NIC(Network Interface Card) should be installed on the PCI slot. eg:- Realtek RTL8139/810x Family Fast

SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENT

TCP/IP Protocol Stack A protocol suite is a suite of related communication protocol that offers users the mechanism and services required to communicate with other network connected machines.

Naming Convention
Before creating the first user account a naming convention must be established. This is done in order to easily identify the system in network.

1. Name Registration
Name registration registers the unique logical name in an NBP registry database.

2. Name LookUp
Name Lookup is provided to a computer that requests another computers address.

3. Name Configuration
Device on any network are periodically shut down or removed. When it happens, a name deletion request is sent, and object name-to-addressing tables are automatically updated.

SNAPSHOT OF GIVING A UNIQUE NAME TO

SYSTEM

VALID IP ADDRESS
An IP address is a 32-bit binary addressing scheme to identify networks, network devices, and network connected machines. These are strictly regulated by the Internet Network Information center (InterNIC). There are five classes of IP addresses each defined by an alphabetic character: Class A, B, C, D and E.

Class A 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0. Class B - 128.1.0.0 to 191.256.0.0. Class C 192.0.1.0 to 223.255.254.0. Class D - 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.254. Class E - there is no class E address for use on the net.

Here we see that the computer has 80.0.68.13 as the IP address. Theses IP addresses are provided by the protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

PREPARING A NETWORKING INFASTRUCTURE

Hardware Requirements

Some Networking Devices

Preparing a networking infastructure

Bridges
Bridges are intelligent repeaters. They regenerate transmitted signals, but unlike repeaters, they can also determine destinations.

Hubs
Hubs connect all computer LAN connections into one device. They are nothing more than multiport repeaters. Hubs cannot determine destinations; they merely transmit to every line attached in a halfduplex mode.

Switches
Switches connect all computer LAN connections, the same as hubs do. The difference is that switches can run in full-duplex mode and are able to direct and filter information to and from specific destinations.

Routers
Routers are a step up from bridges. They are able to route and filter information to different networks. Some routers can automatically detect problems and redirect information around the problem area. These are called "intelligent routers." Repeaters Repeaters, located within the physical layer of a network, regenerate and propagate signals from one to another. They do not change any information being transmitted, and they cannot filter any information. Repeaters help to extend the distances of networks by boosting weak signals.

How to construct a network with Bus / Star Topology?

Bus Topology

Coaxia l cable

Star Topology
BNC T-Connector
28

Network Card

HUBS

MIXING LAN/WAN
LAN's

connect to WAN's via routers. Routers:

Determine the path to take in the WAN Reconfigure messages between LAN/WAN communication protocols
Router

Router

A CAMPUS WIDE NETWORK ESTABLISHED

WAN/LANs

WAN/LANs

WAN/LANs

Gateways

WAN/LANs