ECE 602 Homework #1

Due: Jan. 22, 2013 Unless otherwise stated, you must justify your answers. Problem 1. (DeCarlo1 ) Suppose a system is represented by the following equations, where u(t) is the input, and y (t) is the output: d dt x1 (t) x2 (t) = x1 (t 1) + |u(t)| x1 (t) ,

y (t) = x1 (t + 1) + x2 (t) u(t). Circle below all that apply to the system, and justify briey your answers. Formal proofs are not needed. Linear Nonlinear Time-invariant Time-varying Causal Non-causal Lumped Distributed Continuous-time Discrete-time

Note: x1 (t) and x2 (t) are NOT the state variables. Problem 2. Suppose that a linear time-invariant system is connected in series with a linear time-varying system. (a) Is the concatenated system still linear? (b) If the concatenation order is reversed, would the new system have the same input-output behavior as the old one? Give either a proof or a counterexample.

Problem 3. Which of the following is a vector space? Briey explain your answer. In each case, use the standard addition and scalar multiplication associated with each space. For each vector space, what is its dimension (possibly innity)? 1. The set of integers. 2. The set of real valued functions on the interval [0, T ] which are bounded by one; that is, {u : [0, T ] R | |u(t)| 1 for 0 t T }. 3. The set of bounded sequences {u[k], k = 0, 1, . . . | supk |u[k]| < } . 4. The set of n n strictly upper triangular matrices (i.e., aij = 0 if i j ). 5. The set of n n symmetric matrices (A is symmetric if AT = A). 6. The set of n n skew symmetric matrices (A is skew-symmetric if AT = A).
1 Problems marked DeCarlo are from Raymond DeCarlo, Linear Systems, A State Variable Approach with Numerical Implementation, Prentice Hall,1989. (0-13-536814-6).

Problem 4. (Adapted from Chen, 3.5) For each of the following two matrices, determine its null space, its range, and its rank. Is it one-to-one? onto? 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 A1 = 0 0 0 , A2 = 0 1 2 2 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Problem 5. Given A Rmn , show that the map x Rn Ax Rm is one-to-one if and only if det(AT A) = 0.