The Urinary System

by: Mohamad Taufik Hidayat b. Baharuldin Unit of Physiology, Department of Human Anatomy, FPSK, UPM

Key Concepts:
1) The urinary system maintain the homeostasis of body water & electrolytes & removes waste products in urine 2) The kidney filter water & soluble substances from the blood, reabsorb some useful substances back into the blood, and secrete unwanted substances

3) The kidneys also help regulate the acid-base balance of the blood
* Ions, blood osmol, volume, pH,pressure.the urinary system a.k.a the renal system

Outline:
- Components & Functions - Anatomy of the kidneys - Physiology of the kidneys

- Urine and urination (micturition)

Components & Functions

Urinary system consists of :
(1) two kidneys remove dissolved waste + excess substances from blood and form urine (2) two ureters transport urine from kidney to urinary bladder
(3) the urinary bladder reservoir for urine

(4) urethra duct that flow urine from bladder to outside of the body

Anatomy of the kidneys

Structure
- length: 10-12 cm, width: 5-7 cm, 3 cm thick - Location : posterior wall of abdomen, retroperitoneal, extend T12 to L3

- Right kidney slightly lower than left

- Covered by a tough, fibrous material called renal capsule - Each kidney medially concave, laterally convex - Concave area - renal hilus renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvis

Kidney reveals two distinct regions; medulla and cortex

Cone-shaped areas, longitudinally stripe

Outermost portion, granular appearance

The Nephron
- Functional unit of the kidney, each is an independent urineforming unit - Each kidney contains 1 million nephrons Function - Filtration of blood - Reabsorption useful substances

- Secretion of unwanted substances Type of nephron

1. Cortical nephron 2. Juxtamedullary nephron

Structure of nephron
Consist of Tubular component Vascular component

Bowmans (glomerular) capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle

Together known as renal corpuscle

Glomerulus

Peritubular capillary

Vasa recta
Distal convoluted tubule

Juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin regulate systemic blood pressure