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Microorganism Friend and Foe

Microorganisms
A microorganism is a living organism that is so tiny it can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. Consider that the largest human cells are about the diameter of a human hair. Bacteria cells are onehundredth the size of a human cell and viruses are much, much smaller again. If you imagine that a single virus was the size of an adult human, a bacterium (single cell) would be over 10 storeys high by comparison. A bacterium next to a human cell is like a tiny boat next to a big ship. Hundreds of thousands of bacteria could fit onto a pinhead

Friend and foe


The main microorganisms in and on our bodies are protozoa, algae, fungi, bacteria and viruses. Most microorganisms are beneficial, for example, there are microorganisms in our large intestine that synthesise vitamins and allow them to be absorbed into the bloodstream. However, a tiny minority are pathogens (disease-causing agents). These pathogens, often called germs or bugs, are a threat to all life forms. Lets take a closer look at bacteria, viruses and parasites.

Bacteria
You cannot escape bacteria. They are everywhere! The good thing is that they are mostly harmless, but the pathogenic bacteria can make you sick. They thrive in unhygienic conditions and can grow very quickly by dividing in half and then the two halves grow and then divide again and so on. A bacterium is a very simple form of life just a single cell. They have different shapes some look like balls, rods or spirals. They have a tough cell wall that protects them. They are like all living organisms and need to eat (ingest) for energy and growth. They ingest starches and sugars that are found on all organic matter.

Viruses
Viruses are microorganisms that are so basic (and tiny) that they are not even cells and are not classified as living. Viruses are just genetic material (DNA or RNA) wrapped up inside a strong coat made of protein. They cannot survive by themselves, so they need a host that will enable them to multiply. A virus will hijack a cell in your body and change the instructions of the cell so that, instead of doing what it was designed to do, the cell begins to produce copies of the virus. Viruses Eventually, it makes so many that the cell bursts open and releases all the viruses, which then hijack many, many more cells. Some viruses hibernate (become dormant) while they wait for the right conditions to come along. Viruses have different shapes rods, spheres or many-sided spheres. Some are even shaped like a spaceship! Pathogenic viruses can be very dangerous, but there are a few good viruses that are not harmful. Researchers and scientists are trying to find ways of using these viruses to fight bacterial infections.

Parasites
A parasite lives on or inside its host organism in a very unequal relationship it takes all its food from its host and doesnt give anything back. Parasites can live on our bodies (like lice) or in our bodies and cause lots of different diseases. Parasitic worms (including hookworms see Professor Le Gross research) can live in our bodies and make us sick. Some parasites are microorganisms like protozoa a single-celled parasite. Diseases likemalaria and giardia are protozoa.

Anopheles mosquito, carrier of the malarial parasite.

NAME :- CHANCHAL KUMAR CLASS :- VIII A ROLL NO 22

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