Principles of operant conditioning *Principle of reinforcement= refers to any stimulus that will maintain or increase the strength of a response.

Positive reinforcement= adding something in order to increase a response (praise and reward) Negative reinforcement= taking something away in order to increase response *Principle of shaping= the trainer or experimenter shapes or conditions the natural variations to produce a newly desired actions *Principle of management= adding something aversive in order to decrease a behaviour *Principle of spontaneous recovery= if the reinforcement is withdrawn or terminated responses decreases until it returns to its predetermined frequency ALBERT BANDURAS SOCIAL LEARNING = He believed that people learn from one another via observation, imitation and modelling. = Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous reciprocal interactions between cognitive, behavioural and environmental influences MODELLING PROCESS Attention= Refers to attending to what the model is saying or doing before he/she can reproduce a models action Retention= Refers to coding information and keeping it in memory for retrieval in order to reproduce a models action Reproduction= Performing the behaviour he/she observed Reinforcement= Be motivated enough to want to demonstrate what they have learned FACTORS AFFECTING LEARNING 1. Readiness or maturation of the learner 2. Intelligence of the learner 3. Opportunities to learning 4. Environmental condition

5. Health of the learner 6. Attitude of the learner