MATHpines

Prof. M.Daz-Pins
IBO Programa del Diploma BI
MATEMTICAS . Nivel Superior
BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL
4 de mayo de 2005 . PRUEBA 2
SECCIN A
2 . [ Puntuacin mxima : 13 ]
La funcin f est definida por ( ) f x e
( ) p x
( ) + x 1 , con p real .
( a ) ( i ) Compruebe que f ( x ) = e
( ) p x
( ) + p ( ) + x 1 1 .
( ii ) Sea
d
n
f
dx
n
( x ) la derivada de ( ) f x respecto de x , n veces. Demuestre por induccin
matemtica que

d
n
f
dx
n
( x ) = p
( ) n 1
e
( ) p x
( ) + p ( ) + x 1 n , n natural
[ 7 puntos ]

( b ) Cuando p 3 la curva de f presenta un mnimo y un punto de inflexin.
Halle el valor exacto de la abscisa , x , de
( i ) el mnimo ;

( ii ) el punto de inflexin
[ 4 puntos ]
( c ) Sea p
1
2
. Sea R la regin encerrada por la curva, el eje x y las rectas x 2 y x 2 .
Halle el rea de R
[ 2 puntos ]
Resolucin
> restart: > f:=x->exp(p*x)*(x+1):'f(x)'=f(x);
( ) f x e
( ) p x
( ) + x 1
> df/dx=D(f)(x);

df
dx
+ p e
( ) p x
( ) + x 1 e
( ) p x
> df/dx=factor(D(f)(x));

df
dx
e
( ) p x
( ) + + p x p 1

df
dx
e
( ) p x
( ) + p ( ) + x 1 1
> d^2*f/dx^2=D(D(f))(x);

d
2
f
dx
2
+ p
2
e
( ) p x
( ) + x 1 2 p e
( ) p x
> d^2*f/dx^n=factor(D(D(f))(x));

d
2
f
dx
n
p e
( ) p x
( ) + + p x p 2

d
2
f
dx
n
p e
( ) p x
( ) + p ( ) + x 1 2
Supongamos que

d
n
f
dx
n
p
( ) n 1
e
( ) p x
( ) + p ( ) + x 1 n
> diff(p^(n-1)*exp(p*x)*(p*(x+1)+n),x);
+ p
( ) n 1
p e
( ) p x
( ) + ( ) + x 1 p n p
( ) n 1
e
( ) p x
p
> factor(");
p
( ) n 1
e
( ) p x
p ( ) + + + p x p n 1
> simplify(");
p
n
e
( ) p x
( ) + + + p x p n 1

d
n
f
dx
n
p
n
e
( ) p x
( ) + + p ( ) + x 1 n 1
Vemos que sigue la ley general anterior
> d^k*f/dx^k=p^(k-1)*exp(p*x)*(p*(x+1)+k);

d
k
f
dx
k
p
( ) k 1
e
( ) p x
( ) + ( ) + x 1 p k
Hacemos k + n 1
> subs(k=n+1,");

d
( ) + n 1
f
dx
( ) + n 1
p
n
e
( ) p x
( ) + + ( ) + x 1 p n 1
( b )
Para p 3 llamemos ( ) g x a la funcin ( ) f x para ese valor del parmetro p
> g:=x->exp(sqrt(3)*x)*(x+1):'g(x)'=g(x);
( ) g x e
( ) 3 x
( ) + x 1
> dg/dx=D(g)(x);

dg
dx
+ 3 e
( ) 3 x
( ) + x 1 e
( ) 3 x
> dg/dx=factor(D(g)(x));

dg
dx
e
( ) 3 x
( ) + + 3 x 3 1
> dg/dx=0;

dg
dx
0
> 3^(1/2)*x+3^(1/2)+1=0;
+ + 3 x 3 1 0
> x=solve(");
x
1
3
( ) + 3 1 3
Valor crtico de x
x + 1
1
3
> d^2*g/dx^2=D(D(g))(x);

d
2
g
dx
2
+ 3 e
( ) 3 x
( ) + x 1 2 3 e
( ) 3 x
> d^2*g/dx^2=factor(D(D(g))(x));

d
2
g
dx
2
e
( ) 3 x
( ) + + 3 x 3 2 3
> [d^2*g/dx^2]*[x=1+1/sqrt(3)]=factor(D(D(g))(1+1/sqrt(3)));

1
]
1
1
d
2
g
dx
2

1
]
1
1
x + 1
1
3
3 3 e
( ) 3 ( ) + 1 / 1 3 3
( ) + 2 3
> [d^2*g/dx^2]*[x=1+1/sqrt(3)]=evalf(factor(D(D(g))(1+1/sqrt(3))),6);

1
]
1
1
d
2
g
dx
2

1
]
1
1
x + 1
1
3
3 172.022

1
]
1
1
d
2
g
dx
2

1
]
1
1
x + 1
1
3
> 0 => mnimo
> 'g(1+1/sqrt(3))'=g(1+1/sqrt(3));

_
,

g + 1
1
3
e
( ) 3 ( ) + 1 / 1 3 3

_
,

+ 2
1
3
3
> 'g(1+1/sqrt(3))'=evalf(g(1+1/sqrt(3)),5);

_
,

g + 1
1
3
39.599
> M(1+1/sqrt(3),g(1+1/sqrt(3)));

_
,

M , + 1
1
3
3 e
( ) 3 ( ) + 1 / 1 3 3

_
,

+ 2
1
3
3
> M(evalf(1+1/sqrt(3),5),evalf(g(1+1/sqrt(3)),5));
( ) M , 1.5774 39.599
> x=1+1/sqrt(3);
x + 1
1
3
3
Abscisa que da a f el mnimo
El mnimo de la funcin es

_
,

f + 1
1
3
e

_
,

_
,

+ 1
3
3

_
,

+ 2
3
3
~ 39.607
( ii ) Punto de inflexin
Condicin
d
2
f
dx
2
0
> d^2*g/dx^2=factor(D(D(g))(x));

d
2
g
dx
2
e
( ) 3 x
( ) + + 3 x 3 2 3
> factor(D(D(g))(x))=0;
e
( ) 3 x
( ) + + 3 x 3 2 3 0
> (3*x+3+2*3^(1/2))=0;
+ + 3 x 3 2 3 0
> x[0]:=solve(");
:= x
0
1
2
3
3
Si llamamos F al punto de inflexin :
> F(x[0],g(x[0]));

_
,

F , 1
2
3
3
2
3
e
( ) 3 ( ) 1 / 2 3 3
3
> x=x[0];
x 1
2
3
3
> F(evalf(x[0],3),evalf(g(x[0]),3));
( ) F , -2.15 -.0279
( c )
Llamemos ( ) h x a la funcin ( ) f x para p
1
2
> h:=x->exp(x/2)*(x+1):'h(x)'=h(x);
( ) h x e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1
> plot([h(x),[-2,t,t=-2..9],[2,t,t=-2..9]],x=-6..3,y=-2..9,color=[blue,plum$2]);
x
2 -2 -4 -6
y
8
6
4
2
0
-2
> plot([h(x),[-2,t,t=-2..9],[2,t,t=-2..9]],x=-2..2,y=-2..9,color=[plum$3],filled=true);
x
2 1 -1 -2
y
8
6
4
2
0
-2
Abscisa del corte con OX
> h(x)=0;
e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1 0
> x[1]:=-1;
:= x
1
-1
> Int(h(x),x)=int(h(x),x);
d

(
(e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1 x 2 e
( ) / 1 2 x
x 2 e
( ) / 1 2 x
> -Int(h(x),x=-2..-1)+Int(h(x),x=-1..2)=-int(h(x),x=-2..-1)+int(h(x),x=-1..2);
+ d

(
(
-2
-1
e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1 x d

(
(
-1
2
e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1 x + 8 e
( ) / -1 2
6 e
( ) -1
2 e
> -Int(h(x),x=-2..-1)+Int(h(x),x=-1..2)=evalf(-int(h(x),x=-2..-1)+int(h(x),x=-1..2),4);
+ d

(
(
-2
-1
e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1 x d

(
(
-1
2
e
( ) / 1 2 x
( ) + x 1 x 8.081
El rea encerrada por la regin R es :
+
8
e
6
e
2 e ~ 8.081 u
2