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Candidate Name
PHYSICS 5054/2
PAPER 2 Theory
MAY/JUNE SESSION 2002
1 hour 45 minutes
Candidates answer on the question paper.
Additional materials:
Answer paper
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and on
any separate answer paper used.
Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.
Section B
Answer any two questions.
Write your answers on the lined pages provided and, if necessary, continue on the separate answer
paper provided.
At the end of the examination, fasten any separate answer paper used securely to the question paper.
Q10
Q11
TOTAL
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a car travelling at 30 m/s on a level road. At this speed the car has to
overcome a total force of 600 N opposing the car.
opposing force
600N driving force
Fig. 1.1
distance = ......................................
(ii) State the value of the driving force produced by the engine for a steady speed of
30 m/s.
...................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Explain why the car slows down when it climbs a hill, even though the driving force is
unchanged.
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......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) While on the level road and travelling at 30 m/s, the driving force becomes zero. The
mass of the car is 800 kg. Calculate the deceleration of the car.
deceleration = ......................................[2]
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2 The mass of air in a classroom is 500 kg. The density of air is 1.2 kg/m3.
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volume = ......................................
[3]
(b) At the start of the day the temperature of the air in the classroom is 18 °C. Calculate the
energy needed to raise the temperature of the air in the classroom from 18 °C to 30 °C.
The specific heat capacity of air is 970 J/(kg °C).
energy = ......................................[3]
thermal energy
conducted
through the plastic
infra-red
electromagnetic
waves emitted
from hot walls
Fig. 3.1
(a) Describe, in terms of the motion of particles, how thermal energy is conducted through
the walls of the kettle.
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......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Infra-red waves are emitted from the hot walls of the kettle.
State one use of infra-red waves in the home, other than for heating.
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......................................................................................................................................[1]
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4 Fig.4.1 shows three wavefronts in a beam of yellow light passing through air. The wavefronts
are one wavelength apart. The beam meets a glass surface. AB is a ray of light that shows
the direction of travel of the wavefronts.
A wavefront 3
wavefront 2
wavefront 1
B air
glass
Fig. 4.1
(i) continuing the ray AB to show the ray inside the glass,
(ii) continuing wavefront 1 inside the glass. [2]
(b) State what happens to the speed and wavelength of the waves as the beam moves from
the air to the glass.
(c) The beam of yellow light in Fig. 4.1 is replaced with a beam of red light.
Describe two ways in which the completed Fig. 4.1 would change.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2. ......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]
lamp
200 Ω
Fig. 5.1
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the graph of current against potential difference for the lamp.
0.07
current/A 0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
potential difference/V
Fig. 5.2
current = ......................................
current = ......................................
current = ......................................
[5]
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6 Fig. 6.1 shows a crane lifting some bricks during the building of a house.
arm
counterweight
P
20 m
12000 N
Fig. 6.1
The weight of the bricks produces a turning effect, or moment, on the arm of the crane about
the point P. The weight of the bricks is 12000 N.
(a) Calculate the moment of this force, using the distance marked on Fig. 6.1.
moment = ......................................[2]
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...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Suggest one advantage of being able to move the counterweight along the arm.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Calculate the useful work done by the crane in lifting the 12000 N load through a height
of 15 m.
work = ......................................[2]
lens
point
on near
object
cornea
Fig. 7.1
(a) Fig. 7.1 shows rays of light from a near object hitting the lens of a normal eye.
(i) Complete Fig. 7.1 to show how the lens of the eye focuses the rays of light.
(ii) Describe the image formed on the back of the eye. Tick the correct boxes.
(b) A short-sighted person can see near objects clearly but not far objects.
Fig. 7.2 shows how the lens of an eye with this defect would focus rays from a far object.
rays from
far object
Fig. 7.2
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(ii) On Fig. 7.3, show how this type of lens is used to focus rays from the far object.
[3]
rays from
far object
Fig. 7.3
metal panel
charged
negatively
paint droplets
with positive
charge
nozzle
Fig. 8.1
(b) (i) Explain why the droplets spread out as they leave the nozzle in Fig. 8.1.
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...................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why it is important that the metal panel has a negative charge.
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...................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) State one advantage of using electrostatics in this way to paint the metal panel.
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11
Section B
(a)
chemical electrical
energy in coal energy output
Fig. 9.1
Each of the boxes should contain one of the three labels turbine, generator or boiler.
(i) Copy the block diagram in Fig. 9.1 and label the boxes.
(ii) Describe the useful energy changes that occur in each box of the block diagram.
(iii) Burning coal can cause problems in the area around the power station. State one of
these problems.
[5]
(c) A power station provides 300 kW of electrical power and wastes 900 kW as thermal energy
produced in its operation.
(i) Calculate the efficiency of the power station. State clearly the equation that you use.
(ii) Calculate the electrical energy output from the power station in one hour. State clearly
the equation that you use and give your answer in joules.
[5]
(a) (i) State the purpose of a fuse in a circuit and explain how it works.
(ii) An electric kettle rated at 2000 W is connected to a 230 V mains supply.
Calculate the current in the kettle and suggest a suitable fuse rating.
[7]
coil
to circuit
soft-iron core
pivot
iron lever
current reset button
contacts
spring
springy metal
fixed point
Fig. 10.1
(i) When there is a large current in the circuit, the circuit breaker operates.
Explain what happens to the soft-iron core, iron lever, spring and contacts. [4]
(ii) The current now stops.
Explain what happens to the soft-iron core, iron lever, spring and contacts. [3]
(iii) State how the current is switched on again after the circuit breaker has operated. [1]
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Table 11.1
(a) (i) Uranium-235 has a proton number (atomic number) of 92 and a nucleon number (mass
number) of 235.
Describe the structure of an atom of Uranium-235. [4]
(ii) Uranium-235 and Uranium-238 are isotopes.
Explain what is meant by this statement. [2]
(iii) Uranium-235 can be involved in nuclear fission.
Describe what happens to a nucleus in nuclear fission. [3]
(iv) When the Earth was formed there was about 64 times more Uranium-235 present than
there is now. Use this information to estimate the age of the Earth. [3]
(b) Radioactive sources are used to detect leaks from pipes underground.
A liquid containing the source is placed in the pipe. Some liquid leaks from the pipe and the
radiation it emits can be detected above ground.
(i) State the most suitable radioactive isotope in Table 11.1 for this purpose.
(ii) Explain why the half-life of the isotope you have chosen and the radiation it emits are
suitable for this purpose. [3]
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