ACI Shrinkage Calculation

Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures"
- ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
f't (direct tensile strength)
Ec
fy
Es
n
alpha
Temperature range
T
Thickness
Type
Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Ultimate strain
Initial moist curing duration
Curing correction factor
Relative humidity
Humidity correction factor
Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Creep Factor
30
1.85
25743
500
200000
7.77
0.00001
20.0
10.0
250
Elevated Slab
0.00078
7
1
60%
0.8
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
Effects of creep, shrinkage, and

temperature in concrete slabs
ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
C
C
C
mm
Spreadsheet version 1.00

Based on AE spreadheet
Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity
(2-6)
days
Table 2.5.3
Table 2.5.4
Relative
humidity
(%)
0%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3
250 mm
2
2 mm
125
0.71 (2-21a)
0.67 (2-22a)
Factored creep
Factored shrinkage
1.46
0.53
0.000415
Correction factors for relative humidity
Shrinkage
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.3
0
1
3
7
14
28
90
1
0.8
0.6
Creep
0.4
0
7
14
28
56
100
500
1000
5000
10000
(2-9)
0.000000
0.000069
0.000119
0.000184
0.000255
0.000307
0.000388
0.000401
0.000412
0.000414
Equivalent
temperature
change C
0.00
-6.92
-11.86
-18.45
-25.54
-30.75
-38.79
-40.10
-41.22
-41.36
Restraint Temperature
10,000 day temperature
Total Temperature
Equivalent Imposed Strain
Creep Coefficient
Linear Elastic Restraint Calculations
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa)
Design Strain
Fully Released
Shortening (mm)
Design Strain
50 m
28 days
-18.448 C
-51.363 C
-32.915 C
-0.000329
0.782
20%
Total temp Creep

factor vt
C
-10.00
-16.92
-21.86
-28.45
-35.54
-40.75
-48.79
-50.10
-51.22
-51.36
(2-8)
0.000
0.354
0.477
0.618
0.769
0.893
1.174
1.257
1.373
1.400
40%
60%
-8.47
-0.000329
-16
0.000000
80%
Dry air or protective membrane

Humidity, moist air, soil
Deicing chemicals
Seawater and seawater spray, wetting & drying
Water-retaining structures
1.4
1.2
3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92
0.00040
0.00035
0.00030
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
0.00010
0.00005
0.00000
Crack width
(mm)
0.41
0.3
0.18
0.15
0.1
* It should be expected that a portion of the cracks in the structure will exceed these values. With time, a
significant portion can exceed these values. These are general guidelines for design to be used in conjunction
with sound engineering judgement.
4000
6000
8000
Days
4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92
6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.

Determine maximum acceptable crack width
Determine acceptable steel to control crack width, primary variables are cover,
spacing, and size of bar.
Note: Adding steel does not eliminate cracking. Steel controls crack width. Instead
of one large crack, many small cracks form.
0.00025
2000
50
5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage

Consider length of time
Pour strips
Pour outward from sources of restraint such as cores.
Note: Reducing shrinkage does not reduce reinforcing required unless shrinkage is
less than tensile strength of concrete.
0.00045
0.00020
0.00015
1. Determine Relevant Material Properties

Type of Cement
Type of Aggregate
Strength of Concrete
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
2. Determine Environment Properties
Ambient Temperature Range
Relative Humidity
100%
Shrinkage Strain (sh)t
ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete under
service loads
Exposure condition
Correction factor for initial

curing CP
0.6
0%
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
1.2
1.1
1
0.93
0.86
0.75
Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects
0.8
Shrinkage
0.2
0
Length
Time to restraint
Moist curing
Shrinkage CP
duration (days)
1.2
1
1
0.94
0.87
0.8
0.73
0.67
0.6
2.35 (2-6)
0.87 Table 2.5.4
Creep
Shrinkage
Corrected ultimate strain
Days
Volume
Surface
v/s
Creep
Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing
10000
Resources
ACI 209R-92
"Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced concrete" R. Ian Gilbert ACI Structural
Journal May-June 2008
"Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" R. Ian Gilbert ACI
Structural Journal March-April 1992
These two methods consider either direct tension cracking, or flexural cracking with
shrinkage.
Flexural cracking with shrinkage is effectively a modified method to add direct tension
cracking to flexural cracking. There is some debate whether these truly need to be
additive.
Cracking calculation based on "Shrinkage Cracking in Fully Restrained Concrete Members" by R. Ian Gilbert - March-April 1992 ACI Structural Journal
w vs. restrain
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
Crack width
50%
0.01
0.00
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.10
0.08
0.06
Crack width
0.050
200
0.04
0.02
0.00
25
125
225
325
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
mm2/m
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
4,909
mm2
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
1.96%
-0.000329
-0.000313
-0.000296
-0.000280
-0.000263
-0.000247
-0.000230
-0.000214
-0.000197
-0.000181
-0.000165
-0.000148
-0.000132
-0.000115
-0.000099
-0.000082
-0.000066
-0.000049
-0.000033
-0.000016
0.000000
Eqn. 1
mm
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
127
Custom restrain
50%
250
25
200
491
4,909
250,000
1.96%
-0.000165
127
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
w vs. reinf spacing

0.12
Area Bar Ab
Restrain
0.050
0.05
Spacing
Restrain
Th
Bar
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
mm
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
mm
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
mm2
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
mm2/m
19,635
13,090
9,817
7,854
6,545
5,610
4,909
4,363
3,927
3,570
3,272
mm2
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
7.85%
5.24%
3.93%
3.14%
2.62%
2.24%
1.96%
1.75%
1.57%
1.43%
1.31%
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
-0.000165
Eqn. 1
mm
32
48
64
80
95
111
127
143
159
175
191
Custom reinforcement spacing

250
50%
25
200
491
4,909
250,000
1.96%
-0.000165
127
Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
14,449
14
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
1.841
Eqn. 25
0.748
0.647
0.558
0.477
0.405
0.339
0.279
0.225
0.175
0.128
0.086
0.046
0.009
-0.025
-0.057
-0.087
-0.116
-0.142
-0.167
-0.191
-0.213
Eqn. 27
mm
198
216
237
263
295
335
389
463
571
747
1,078
1,935
9,470
-3,272
-1,395
-886
-650
-513
-423
-361
-314
Eqn. 16
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
456,994
Eqn. 9
MPa
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
1.831
Eqn. 28
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
0.001701
m
252
231
211
190
170
149
129
108
88
67
46
26
5
-15
-36
-56
-77
-98
-118
-139
-159
0.748
0.647
0.558
0.477
0.405
0.339
0.279
0.225
0.175
0.128
0.086
0.046
0.009
-0.025
-0.057
-0.087
-0.116
-0.142
-0.167
-0.191
-0.213
264,830
280,988
297,145
313,302
329,459
345,617
361,774
377,931
394,088
410,246
426,403
442,560
458,717
474,874
491,032
507,189
523,346
539,503
555,661
571,818
587,975
Eqn. 17
MPa
53.95
57.24
60.53
63.83
67.12
70.41
73.70
76.99
80.28
83.57
86.87
90.16
93.45
96.74
100.03
103.32
106.62
109.91
113.20
116.49
119.78
Eqn. 15
MPa
-40.34
-37.05
-33.76
-30.47
-27.18
-23.89
-20.59
-17.30
-14.01
-10.72
-7.43
-4.14
-0.85
2.45
5.74
9.03
12.32
15.61
18.90
22.20
25.49
Eqn. 23
MPa
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
Eqn. 30
mm
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.051
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.049
0.044
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001701
456,994
1.831
1.841
0.086
1,078
46
0.086
426,403
86.87
-7.43
1.85
0.050
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
1.851
1.850
1.849
1.847
1.846
1.844
1.841
1.839
1.836
1.832
1.829
Eqn. 25
0.448
0.260
0.184
0.142
0.116
0.098
0.086
0.076
0.068
0.062
0.057
Eqn. 27
mm
69
154
273
426
611
829
1,078
1,357
1,666
2,004
2,370
Eqn. 16
462,348
461,849
461,190
460,374
459,401
458,274
456,994
455,565
453,990
452,270
450,409
Eqn. 9
MPa
1.850
1.849
1.846
1.843
1.840
1.836
1.831
1.826
1.820
1.813
1.806
Eqn. 28
0.000425
0.000637
0.000850
0.001062
0.001275
0.001488
0.001701
0.001914
0.002127
0.002340
0.002553
m
729
325
183
117
82
60
46
37
30
25
21
0.448
0.260
0.184
0.142
0.116
0.098
0.086
0.076
0.068
0.062
0.057
319,607
367,215
390,975
405,197
414,650
421,378
426,403
430,293
433,389
435,908
437,994
Eqn. 17
MPa
16.28
28.05
39.82
51.59
63.35
75.11
86.87
98.62
110.36
122.10
133.84
Eqn. 15
MPa
-7.30
-7.31
-7.32
-7.34
-7.37
-7.40
-7.43
-7.47
-7.51
-7.55
-7.60
Eqn. 23
MPa
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
Eqn. 30
mm
0.005
0.010
0.015
0.022
0.030
0.040
0.050
0.062
0.074
0.088
0.102
0.001701
456,994
1.831
1.841
0.086
1,078
46
0.086
426,403
86.87
-7.43
1.85
0.050
Cracking calculation based on "Control of Flexural Cracking in Reinforced Concrete" by R. Ian Gilbert - May-June 2008 ACI Structural Journal
Design moments
Service
445 kN.m
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain
3.02
3.02
3.01
3.01
3.00
3.00
2.984
2.99
2.98
2.97
2.97
2.96
2.96
2.95
2.95
2.94
2.94
Crack Width
Crack Width
75%
75%
2.93
2.93
2.92
2.92
2.91
2.91 0%
0%
20%
20%
40%
40%
60%
60%
80%
80%
100%
100%
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Restrain
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
mm2
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
250,000
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
0.40%
Custom restrain
75%
250
16
200
201
1,005
250,000
0.40%
Design
Strain
Cover

Mod., E'c (EQN Modular Ratio,
22)
nbar
-0.000329
-0.000313
-0.000296
-0.000280
-0.000263
-0.000247
-0.000230
-0.000214
-0.000197
-0.000181
-0.000165
-0.000148
-0.000132
-0.000115
-0.000099
-0.000082
-0.000066
-0.000049
-0.000033
-0.000016
0.000000
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Eqn. 22
MPa
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
14,449
-0.000247
25
14,449
Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA,

to NA 1, c1
to NA 2, c2
c (c1 or c2)
Icr
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
mm
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
217
mm
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
mm
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
-66.03
Eqn. 8.6c
mm
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
50.41
Eqn. 8-7
mm4
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
2.59E+08
14
217
50.41
-66.03
50.41
2.59E+08
Concrete
Crack Area,
Reinf. Ratio
s*
Act (EQN
to Act, rhotc
1)
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 8
mm
mm2
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
99,794
0.01007
264.71
Allowable
Service
Service Steel
Ratio (fa/fs)
Stress, fs
Actual Steel
Stress, fa
Actual crack
width
Acceptable
crack width
MPa
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
2,220
mm
3.006
3.001
2.997
2.993
2.988
2.984
2.980
2.975
2.971
2.966
2.962
2.958
2.953
2.949
2.945
2.940
2.936
2.932
2.927
2.923
2.919
mm
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Eqn. 9
MPa
176
179
182
185
189
192
195
199
202
205
208
212
215
218
222
225
228
232
235
238
241
12.64
12.41
12.19
11.97
11.76
11.56
11.37
11.18
10.99
10.82
10.65
10.48
10.32
10.17
10.02
9.87
9.73
9.59
9.45
9.32
9.20
2,220
2.984
0.30
192
11.56
Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures" - ACI 209R-92
Material Properties
f'c
Ec
fy
Es
n
alpha
Temperature range
T
Thickness
Type

Ultimate strain
Relative humidity

Creep Factor
30
1.85
25743
500
200000
7.77
0.00001
10.0
5.0
300
Foundation Mat
0.00078
7
1
60%
0.8
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
C
C
C
mm

(2-6)
days
Table 2.5.3
Table 2.5.4
Relative
humidity
(%)
0%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3
300 mm
2
1 mm
300
0.66 (2-21a)
0.29 (2-22a)
Factored creep
Factored shrinkage
1.35
0.23
0.000182
Shrinkage
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.3
0
1
3
7
14
28
90
1
0.8
0.6
Creep
0.4
0
7
14
28
56
100
500
1000
5000
10000
(2-9)
0.000000
0.000030
0.000052
0.000081
0.000112
0.000135
0.000170
0.000176
0.000180
0.000181
Equivalent
temperature
change C
0.00
-3.03
-5.19
-8.08
-11.18
-13.46
-16.98
-17.56
-18.05
-18.11
Total Temperature
Creep Coefficient
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa)
Design Strain
Fully Released
Shortening (mm)
Design Strain
12 m
28 days
-8.076 C
-23.109 C
-15.032 C
-0.000150
0.726
20%
Total temp Creep

factor vt
C
-5.00
-8.03
-10.19
-13.08
-16.18
-18.46
-21.98
-22.56
-23.05
-23.11
(2-8)
0.000
0.329
0.443
0.574
0.714
0.829
1.090
1.167
1.275
1.300
40%
60%
-3.87
-0.000150
-2
0.000000
80%

Deicing chemicals
1.4
1.2
0.00020
0.00018
0.00016
0.00014
0.00012
0.00010
0.00008
0.00006
0.00004
0.00002
0.00000
Crack width
(mm)
0.41
0.3
0.18
0.15
0.1
4000
6000
8000
50
Days

Pour strips
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
2000

Type of Cement
Type of Aggregate
Relative Humidity
100%
service loads
Exposure condition

curing CP
0.6
0%
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
1.2
1.1
1
0.93
0.86
0.75
0.8
Shrinkage
0.2
0
Length
Time to restraint
Moist curing
Shrinkage CP
duration (days)
1.2
1
1
0.94
0.87
0.8
0.73
0.67
0.6
2.35 (2-6)
0.87 Table 2.5.4
Creep
Shrinkage
Days
Volume
Surface
v/s
Creep
10000
Resources
ACI 209R-92
shrinkage.
additive.
w vs. restrain
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
Crack width
50%
0.04
0.02
0.000
0.00
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.70
0.60
0.50
Crack width
0.40
200
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
25
125
0.000
225
325
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
mm2
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
0.67%
-0.000150
-0.000143
-0.000135
-0.000128
-0.000120
-0.000113
-0.000105
-0.000098
-0.000090
-0.000083
-0.000075
-0.000068
-0.000060
-0.000053
-0.000045
-0.000038
-0.000030
-0.000023
-0.000015
-0.000008
0.000000
Eqn. 1
mm
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
Custom restrain
50%
300
16
200
201
2,011
300,000
0.67%
-0.000075
239
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Restrain
Th
Bar
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
8,042
5,362
4,021
3,217
2,681
2,298
2,011
1,787
1,608
1,462
1,340
mm2
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
2.68%
1.79%
1.34%
1.07%
0.89%
0.77%
0.67%
0.60%
0.54%
0.49%
0.45%
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
-0.000075
Eqn. 1
mm
60
90
119
149
179
209
239
269
298
328
358

300
50%
16
200
201
2,011
300,000
0.67%
-0.000075
239
0.90
0.80
Area Bar Ab
Restrain
w vs. reinf spacing

1.00
Spacing

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
14,915
13
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
1.664
Eqn. 25
0.029
0.023
0.018
0.012
0.006
0.001
-0.005
-0.010
-0.015
-0.020
-0.026
-0.031
-0.036
-0.041
-0.046
-0.051
-0.056
-0.061
-0.065
-0.070
-0.075
Eqn. 27
mm
5,667
7,029
9,253
13,534
25,190
181,533
-34,866
-15,906
-10,303
-7,619
-6,044
-5,009
-4,277
-3,731
-3,309
-2,973
-2,698
-2,471
-2,278
-2,114
-1,971
Eqn. 16
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
436,810
Eqn. 9
MPa
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
1.476
Eqn. 28
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
0.013441
m
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-2
-2
-3
-3
-4
-4
-4
-5
-5
-6
-6
0.029
0.023
0.018
0.012
0.006
0.001
-0.005
-0.010
-0.015
-0.020
-0.026
-0.031
-0.036
-0.041
-0.046
-0.051
-0.056
-0.061
-0.065
-0.070
-0.075
539,840
542,863
545,885
548,908
551,930
554,952
557,975
560,997
564,020
567,042
570,064
573,087
576,109
579,132
582,154
585,176
588,199
591,221
594,244
597,266
600,288
Eqn. 17
MPa
268.49
270.00
271.50
273.00
274.51
276.01
277.51
279.02
280.52
282.02
283.53
285.03
286.53
288.04
289.54
291.04
292.55
294.05
295.55
297.06
298.56
Eqn. 15
MPa
-7.76
-6.26
-4.75
-3.25
-1.75
-0.24
1.26
2.76
4.27
5.77
7.27
8.78
10.28
11.78
13.29
14.79
16.29
17.80
19.30
20.80
22.31
Eqn. 23
MPa
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
Eqn. 30
mm
0.168
0.151
0.123
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.013441
436,810
1.476
1.664
-0.026
-6,044
-2
-0.026
570,064
283.53
7.27
1.85
0.000
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
1.837
1.819
1.796
1.768
1.735
1.700
1.664
1.626
1.588
1.551
1.514
Eqn. 25
-0.122
-0.083
-0.061
-0.048
-0.038
-0.031
-0.026
-0.021
-0.018
-0.015
-0.013
Eqn. 27
mm
-286
-660
-1,214
-1,981
-3,002
-4,333
-6,044
-8,222
-10,974
-14,434
-18,766
Eqn. 16
544,923
533,565
518,724
500,987
480,998
459,402
436,810
413,764
390,724
368,061
346,058
Eqn. 9
MPa
1.822
1.787
1.741
1.684
1.619
1.549
1.476
1.400
1.324
1.250
1.177
Eqn. 28
0.003327
0.004998
0.006676
0.008359
0.010047
0.011741
0.013441
0.015147
0.016858
0.018575
0.020298
m
-42
-18
-10
-6
-4
-3
-2
-1
-1
-1
-1
-0.122
-0.083
-0.061
-0.048
-0.038
-0.031
-0.026
-0.021
-0.018
-0.015
-0.013
632,642
605,649
591,834
583,332
577,525
573,289
570,064
567,535
565,508
563,861
562,505
Eqn. 17
MPa
78.66
112.96
147.18
181.33
215.43
249.49
283.53
317.55
351.58
385.61
419.65
Eqn. 15
MPa
9.60
9.36
9.05
8.67
8.24
7.77
7.27
6.77
6.26
5.76
5.27
Eqn. 23
MPa
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
Eqn. 30
mm
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.013441
436,810
1.476
1.664
-0.026
-6,044
-2
-0.026
570,064
283.53
7.27
1.85
0.000
Design moments
Service
445 kN.m
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain
2.92
2.92
2.91
2.91
2.896
2.90
2.89
2.88
2.88
2.87
2.87
Crack Width
Crack Width
75%
75%
2.86
2.86
2.85
2.85 0%
0%
20%
20%
40%
40%
60%
60%
80%
80%
100%
100%
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Restrain
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
mm2
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
0.34%
Custom restrain
75%
300
16
200
201
1,005
300,000
0.34%
Design
Strain
Cover

22)
nbar
-0.000150
-0.000143
-0.000135
-0.000128
-0.000120
-0.000113
-0.000105
-0.000098
-0.000090
-0.000083
-0.000075
-0.000068
-0.000060
-0.000053
-0.000045
-0.000038
-0.000030
-0.000023
-0.000015
-0.000008
0.000000
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Eqn. 22
MPa
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
14,915
-0.000113
25
14,915

to NA 1, c1
to NA 2, c2
c (c1 or c2)
Icr
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
mm
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
267
mm
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
mm
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
-72.39
Eqn. 8.6c
mm
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
56.77
Eqn. 8-7
mm4
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
4.06E+08
13
267
56.77
-72.39
56.77
4.06E+08
Concrete
Crack Area,
Reinf. Ratio
s*
Act (EQN
to Act, rhotc
1)
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 8
mm
mm2
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
121,614
0.00827
322.59
Allowable
Service
Service Steel
Ratio (fa/fs)
Stress, fs
Actual Steel
Stress, fa
Actual crack
width
Acceptable
crack width
MPa
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
1,789
mm
2.908
2.906
2.904
2.901
2.899
2.896
2.894
2.892
2.889
2.887
2.884
2.882
2.879
2.877
2.875
2.872
2.870
2.867
2.865
2.862
2.860
mm
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Eqn. 9
MPa
172
174
175
177
178
180
181
183
184
186
187
189
190
192
193
195
196
198
199
201
202
10.39
10.30
10.21
10.13
10.04
9.96
9.87
9.79
9.71
9.64
9.56
9.48
9.41
9.33
9.26
9.19
9.12
9.05
8.98
8.91
8.85
1,789
2.896
0.30
180
9.96
Material Properties
f'c
Ec
fy
Es
n
alpha
Temperature range
T
Thickness
Type

Ultimate strain
Relative humidity

Creep Factor
35
2.00
27806
420
200000
7.19
0.00001
20.0
10.0
1500
Foundation Mat
0.00078
7
1
60%
0.8
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
C
C
C
mm

(2-6)
days
Table 2.5.3
Table 2.5.4
Relative
humidity
(%)
0%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Creep
1
1
0.94
0.87
0.8
0.73
0.67
0.6

Moist curing
Shrinkage CP
duration (days)
Shrinkage
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.3
0
1
3
7
14
28
90
1.2
1.1
1
0.93
0.86
0.75
Volume
Surface
v/s
3
1500 mm
2
1 mm
1500
Creep
Shrinkage
0.66 (2-21a)
0.20 (2-22a)
Factored creep
Factored shrinkage
1.35
0.16
0.000150
0
7
14
28
56
100
500
1000
5000
10000
(2-9)
0.000000
0.000025
0.000043
0.000067
0.000092
0.000111
0.000140
0.000145
0.000149
0.000149
0.00
-2.50
-4.29
-6.67
-9.23
-11.11
-14.02
-14.49
-14.90
-14.95
0.00008
Total temp Creep
factor
vt
C
0.00006
-10.00
-12.50
-14.29
-16.67
-19.23
-21.11
-24.02
-24.49
-24.90
-24.95
(2-8)
0.00004
0.000
0.00002
0.328
0.00000
0.442
0
0.573
0.713
0.827
1.088
1.165
1.273
1.298
Shrinkage Strain
(sh)t
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
Total Temperature
Creep Coefficient
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa)
Design Strain
Fully Released
Shortening (mm)
Design Strain
245 m
28 days
-6.667 C
-24.948 C
-18.281 C
-0.000183
0.725
-5.08
-0.000183
-45
0.000000

Deicing chemicals

50
Days

Resources
ACI 209R-92
shrinkage.
additive.
0.8
ACI 224R-01 -Table 4.1 Guide to reasonable* crack widths, reinforced concrete
under
service loads
0.6
Exposure condition

Relative Humidity

1.2
1
Length
Time to restraint

Type of Cement
Type of Aggregate

Pour strips
0.00010
Equivalent
temperature
change C
1.2
0.00012
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
1.4
0.6
0.00014
Days

curing CP
0.8
0.00016
2.35 (2-6)
0.87 Table 2.5.4
Crack width 0.4

(mm)
0.2
0.41
0.3
0
0.18
0%
0.15
0.1
Creep
Shrinkage
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
w vs. restrain
1.00
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
Crack width
50%
0.20
0.10
0.000
0.00
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.70
0.60
0.50
Crack width
0.40
200
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
25
125
0.000
225
325
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
mm
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm2
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
mm2/m
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
754
mm2
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
0.05%
-0.000183
-0.000174
-0.000165
-0.000155
-0.000146
-0.000137
-0.000128
-0.000119
-0.000110
-0.000101
-0.000091
-0.000082
-0.000073
-0.000064
-0.000055
-0.000046
-0.000037
-0.000027
-0.000018
-0.000009
0.000000
Eqn. 1
mm
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
2,387
Custom restrain
50%
1500
12
300
113
754
1,500,000
0.05%
-0.000091
2,387
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Restrain
Th
Bar
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
mm
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
mm
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
mm
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
mm2
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
mm2/m
4,524
3,016
2,262
1,810
1,508
1,293
1,131
1,005
905
823
754
mm2
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
0.30%
0.20%
0.15%
0.12%
0.10%
0.09%
0.08%
0.07%
0.06%
0.05%
0.05%
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
-0.000091
Eqn. 1
mm
398
597
796
995
1,194
1,393
1,592
1,790
1,989
2,188
2,387

1500
50%
12
200
113
1,131
1,500,000
0.08%
-0.000091
1,592
0.90
0.80
As/m (T+B)
Th
w vs. reinf spacing

1.00
Area Bar Ab
Restrain
0.90
0.80
Spacing

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
16,123
12
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
1.357
Eqn. 25
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.002
-0.003
-0.003
-0.004
-0.004
Eqn. 27
mm
321,029
353,822
394,078
444,670
510,165
598,287
723,207
914,060
1,241,757
1,935,731
4,388,063
-16,442,316
-2,860,998
-1,566,814
-1,078,810
-822,600
-664,731
-557,701
-480,357
-421,853
-376,052
Eqn. 16
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
1,065,607
Eqn. 9
MPa
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
0.715
Eqn. 28
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
0.006539
m
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.002
-0.003
-0.003
-0.004
-0.004
2,984,843
2,986,222
2,987,600
2,988,978
2,990,357
2,991,735
2,993,114
2,994,492
2,995,870
2,997,249
2,998,627
3,000,005
3,001,384
3,002,762
3,004,140
3,005,519
3,006,897
3,008,275
3,009,654
3,011,032
3,012,411
Eqn. 17
MPa
3,958.77
3,960.60
3,962.43
3,964.26
3,966.08
3,967.91
3,969.74
3,971.57
3,973.40
3,975.22
3,977.05
3,978.88
3,980.71
3,982.54
3,984.36
3,986.19
3,988.02
3,989.85
3,991.68
3,993.51
3,995.33
Eqn. 15
MPa
-19.72
-17.90
-16.07
-14.24
-12.41
-10.58
-8.76
-6.93
-5.10
-3.27
-1.44
0.39
2.21
4.04
5.87
7.70
9.53
11.35
13.18
15.01
16.84
Eqn. 23
MPa
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Eqn. 30
mm
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.006539
1,065,607
0.715
1.357
0.000
4,388,063
0.000
2,998,627
3,977.05
-1.44
2.00
0.000
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
1.952
1.899
1.833
1.762
1.690
1.620
1.556
1.497
1.445
1.398
1.357
Eqn. 25
-0.009
-0.005
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Eqn. 27
mm
-29,632
-75,051
-157,704
-307,390
-590,481
-1,184,309
-2,763,548
-12,247,289
12,221,390
5,685,063
4,388,063
Eqn. 16
2,854,024
2,692,487
2,495,102
2,280,293
2,063,208
1,854,513
1,660,626
1,484,631
1,327,324
1,188,101
1,065,607
Eqn. 9
MPa
1.905
1.798
1.667
1.524
1.380
1.241
1.112
0.995
0.890
0.797
0.715
Eqn. 28
0.001084
0.001627
0.002170
0.002714
0.003259
0.003804
0.004350
0.004896
0.005443
0.005990
0.006539
m
-8
-3
-2
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.009
-0.005
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
3,026,567
3,015,618
3,009,806
3,006,186
3,003,758
3,002,067
3,000,867
3,000,007
2,999,389
2,998,945
2,998,627
Eqn. 17
MPa
669.02
999.90
1,330.63
1,661.28
1,991.93
2,322.61
2,653.35
2,984.16
3,315.05
3,646.02
3,977.05
Eqn. 15
MPa
5.94
5.27
4.46
3.58
2.68
1.82
1.02
0.29
-0.36
-0.94
-1.44
Eqn. 23
MPa
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
Eqn. 30
mm
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004350
1,660,626
1.112
1.556
0.000
-2,763,548
0.000
3,000,867
2,653.35
1.02
2.00
0.000
Design moments
Service
445 kN.m
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain
2.45
2.45
2.40
2.40
2.35
2.309
2.30
2.25
2.25
2.20
2.20
2.15
2.15
Crack Width
Crack Width
75%
75%
2.10
2.10
2.05
2.05
2.00
2.00 0%
0%
20%
20%
40%
40%
60%
60%
80%
80%
100%
100%
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Restrain
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
mm2
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
1,500,000
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
0.07%
Custom restrain
75%
1,500
16
200
201
1,005
1,500,000
0.07%
Design
Strain
Cover

22)
nbar
-0.000183
-0.000174
-0.000165
-0.000155
-0.000146
-0.000137
-0.000128
-0.000119
-0.000110
-0.000101
-0.000091
-0.000082
-0.000073
-0.000064
-0.000055
-0.000046
-0.000037
-0.000027
-0.000018
-0.000009
0.000000
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Eqn. 22
MPa
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
16,123
-0.000137
25
16,123

to NA 1, c1
to NA 2, c2
c (c1 or c2)
Icr
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
mm
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
1,467
mm
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
mm
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
-152.89
Eqn. 8.6c
mm
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
138.43
Eqn. 8-7
mm4
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
1.36E+10
12
1,467
138.43
-152.89
138.43
1.36E+10
Concrete
Crack Area,
Reinf. Ratio
s*
Act (EQN
to Act, rhotc
1)
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 8
mm
mm2
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
680,787
0.00148
######
Allowable
Service
Service Steel
Ratio (fa/fs)
Stress, fs
Actual Steel
Stress, fa
Actual crack
width
Acceptable
crack width
MPa
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
312
mm
2.392
2.375
2.359
2.342
2.326
2.309
2.293
2.276
2.260
2.243
2.227
2.210
2.194
2.177
2.161
2.144
2.128
2.111
2.095
2.078
2.062
mm
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Eqn. 9
MPa
80
82
84
85
87
89
91
93
95
96
98
100
102
104
106
107
109
111
113
115
116
3.90
3.81
3.73
3.65
3.57
3.50
3.43
3.36
3.30
3.23
3.17
3.11
3.06
3.00
2.95
2.90
2.85
2.81
2.76
2.72
2.67
312
2.309
0.30
89
3.50
Material Properties
f'c
50
2.39
Ec
33234
fy
420
Es
200000
6.02
n
alpha
0.00001
Temperature range
1000.0
10.0
T
Thickness
300
Type
Elevated Slab
No allowance for temp influences, slump, cement or air content.

Ultimate strain
Relative humidity

Creep Factor
0.00078
7
1
60%
0.8
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
C
C
C
mm

(2-6)
days
Table 2.5.3
Table 2.5.4
Relative
humidity
(%)
0%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
3
300 mm
2
2 mm
150
0.69 (2-21a)
0.59 (2-22a)
Factored creep
Factored shrinkage
1.41
0.47
0.000369
Shrinkage
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.3
0
1
3
7
14
28
90
1
0.8
0.6
Creep
0.4
0
7
14
28
56
90
1000
2000
3000
10000
(2-9)
0.000000
0.000061
0.000105
0.000164
0.000227
0.000266
0.000356
0.000363
0.000365
0.000368
Equivalent
temperature
change C
0.00
-6.15
-10.54
-16.39
-22.70
-26.56
-35.64
-36.25
-36.46
-36.76
Total Temperature
Creep Coefficient
Fully Restrained
Stress (MPa)
Design Strain
Fully Released
Shortening (mm)
Design Strain
280 m
28 days
-16.395 C
-46.759 C
-30.365 C
-0.000304
0.758
20%
Total temp Creep

factor vt
C
-10.00
-16.15
-20.54
-26.39
-32.70
-36.56
-45.64
-46.25
-46.46
-46.76
(2-8)
0.000
0.343
0.462
0.600
0.746
0.844
1.219
1.278
1.305
1.358
40%
60%
-10.09
-0.000304
-85
0.000000
80%

Deicing chemicals
1.4
1.2

Type of Cement
Type of Aggregate
Relative Humidity

0
100%
50
Days

Pour strips

0.00040
0.00035
0.00030

0.00025
0.00020
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
0.00015
0.00010
0.00005
0.00000
2000
service loads
Exposure condition

curing CP
0.6
0%
Shrinkage
Strain (sh)t
1.2
1.1
1
0.93
0.86
0.75
0.8
Shrinkage
0.2
0
Length
Time to restraint
Moist curing
Shrinkage CP
duration (days)
1.2
1
1
0.94
0.87
0.8
0.73
0.67
0.6
2.35 (2-6)
0.87 Table 2.5.4
Creep
Shrinkage
Days
Volume
Surface
v/s
Creep
Crack width
(mm)
0.41
0.3
0.18
0.15
0.1
4000
6000
8000
10000
Resources
ACI 209R-92
shrinkage.
additive.
w vs. restrain
0.30
0.241
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
Crack width
50%
0.05
0.00
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0.25
0.20
Crack width
0.159
0.15
200
0.10
0.05
0.00
25
125
225
325
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
mm
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
mm2
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
mm2/m
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
2,513
mm2
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
0.84%
-0.000304
-0.000288
-0.000273
-0.000258
-0.000243
-0.000228
-0.000213
-0.000197
-0.000182
-0.000167
-0.000152
-0.000137
-0.000121
-0.000106
-0.000091
-0.000076
-0.000061
-0.000046
-0.000030
-0.000015
0.000000
Eqn. 1
mm
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
239
Custom restrain
50%
300
20
250
314
2,513
300,000
0.84%
-0.000152
239
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Restrain
Th
Bar
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
mm
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
mm2
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
314
mm2/m
12,566
8,378
6,283
5,027
4,189
3,590
3,142
2,793
2,513
2,285
2,094
mm2
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
4.19%
2.79%
2.09%
1.68%
1.40%
1.20%
1.05%
0.93%
0.84%
0.76%
0.70%
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
-0.000152
Eqn. 1
mm
48
72
95
119
143
167
191
215
239
263
286

300
50%
20
200
314
3,142
300,000
1.05%
-0.000152
191
0.35
0.30
Area Bar Ab
Restrain
w vs. reinf spacing

0.40
Spacing

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
18,903
11
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
2.377
Eqn. 25
0.142
0.129
0.115
0.102
0.089
0.077
0.065
0.053
0.041
0.030
0.019
0.008
-0.003
-0.013
-0.024
-0.034
-0.044
-0.053
-0.063
-0.072
-0.081
Eqn. 27
mm
1,276
1,395
1,539
1,715
1,938
2,226
2,615
3,170
4,022
5,502
8,704
20,826
-53,044
-11,666
-6,553
-4,557
-3,492
-2,831
-2,381
-2,054
-1,806
Eqn. 16
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
708,672
Eqn. 9
MPa
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
2.364
Eqn. 28
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
0.000569
m
219
201
182
163
145
126
107
88
70
51
32
13
-5
-24
-43
-61
-80
-99
-118
-136
-155
0.142
0.129
0.115
0.102
0.089
0.077
0.065
0.053
0.041
0.030
0.019
0.008
-0.003
-0.013
-0.024
-0.034
-0.044
-0.053
-0.063
-0.072
-0.081
627,643
635,274
642,906
650,537
658,169
665,800
673,432
681,063
688,695
696,326
703,958
711,589
719,221
726,852
734,484
742,115
749,746
757,378
765,009
772,641
780,272
Eqn. 17
MPa
249.73
252.77
255.80
258.84
261.88
264.91
267.95
270.99
274.02
277.06
280.10
283.13
286.17
289.21
292.24
295.28
298.31
301.35
304.39
307.42
310.46
Eqn. 15
MPa
-35.58
-32.55
-29.51
-26.47
-23.44
-20.40
-17.36
-14.33
-11.29
-8.25
-5.22
-2.18
0.86
3.89
6.93
9.97
13.00
16.04
19.07
22.11
25.15
Eqn. 23
MPa
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
Eqn. 30
mm
0.246
0.246
0.246
0.246
0.246
0.245
0.245
0.245
0.244
0.243
0.241
0.232
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000569
708,672
2.364
2.377
0.019
8,704
32
0.019
703,958
280.10
-5.22
2.39
0.241
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
2.390
2.389
2.388
2.387
2.385
2.384
2.382
2.379
2.377
2.374
2.371
Eqn. 25
0.098
0.063
0.047
0.037
0.031
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.016
Eqn. 27
mm
357
803
1,425
2,221
3,188
4,324
5,625
7,086
8,704
10,473
12,389
Eqn. 16
716,664
716,220
715,615
714,850
713,927
712,846
711,608
710,216
708,672
706,976
705,132
Eqn. 9
MPa
2.389
2.388
2.386
2.384
2.381
2.377
2.373
2.369
2.364
2.358
2.352
Eqn. 28
0.000114
0.000171
0.000227
0.000284
0.000341
0.000398
0.000455
0.000512
0.000569
0.000626
0.000683
m
783
349
196
126
88
65
50
40
32
27
23
0.098
0.063
0.047
0.037
0.031
0.026
0.023
0.021
0.019
0.017
0.016
653,212
674,438
685,033
691,376
695,593
698,595
700,838
702,575
703,958
705,083
706,015
Eqn. 17
MPa
51.98
80.51
109.03
137.54
166.06
194.57
223.08
251.59
280.10
308.60
337.10
Eqn. 15
MPa
-5.08
-5.09
-5.10
-5.11
-5.13
-5.15
-5.17
-5.19
-5.22
-5.25
-5.28
Eqn. 23
MPa
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
2.39
Eqn. 30
mm
0.013
0.026
0.044
0.066
0.093
0.124
0.159
0.198
0.241
0.288
0.338
0.000455
711,608
2.373
2.382
0.023
5,625
50
0.023
700,838
223.08
-5.17
2.39
0.159
Design moments
Service
445 kN.m
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain
1.25
1.25
1.24
1.24
1.23
1.23
1.219
1.22
1.21
1.20
1.20
1.19
1.19
1.18
1.18
Crack Width
Crack Width
75%
75%
1.17
1.17
1.16
1.16
1.15
1.15 0%
0%
20%
20%
40%
40%
60%
60%
80%
80%
100%
100%
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Restrain
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
mm
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
mm2
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
491
mm2/m
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
1,963
mm2
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
300,000
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
0.65%
Custom restrain
75%
300
25
250
491
1,963
300,000
0.65%
Design
Strain
Cover

22)
nbar
-0.000304
-0.000288
-0.000273
-0.000258
-0.000243
-0.000228
-0.000213
-0.000197
-0.000182
-0.000167
-0.000152
-0.000137
-0.000121
-0.000106
-0.000091
-0.000076
-0.000061
-0.000046
-0.000030
-0.000015
0.000000
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Eqn. 22
MPa
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
18,903
-0.000228
25
18,903

to NA 1, c1
to NA 2, c2
c (c1 or c2)
Icr
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
mm
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
263
mm
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
mm
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
-90.58
Eqn. 8.6c
mm
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
66.95
Eqn. 8-7
mm4
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
5.52E+08
11
263
66.95
-90.58
66.95
5.52E+08
Concrete
Crack Area,
Reinf. Ratio
s*
Act (EQN
to Act, rhotc
1)
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 8
mm
mm2
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
116,527
0.01685
247.28
Allowable
Service
Service Steel
Ratio (fa/fs)
Stress, fs
Actual Steel
Stress, fa
Actual crack
width
Acceptable
crack width
MPa
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
949
mm
1.237
1.234
1.230
1.226
1.222
1.219
1.215
1.211
1.207
1.204
1.200
1.196
1.192
1.189
1.185
1.181
1.177
1.174
1.170
1.166
1.162
mm
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Eqn. 9
MPa
191
194
197
200
203
206
209
212
215
218
221
224
227
230
233
236
239
242
245
248
251
4.97
4.90
4.82
4.75
4.68
4.61
4.54
4.48
4.41
4.35
4.29
4.23
4.18
4.12
4.07
4.02
3.96
3.92
3.87
3.82
3.77
949
1.219
0.30
206
4.61
Material Properties
f'c
Ec
fy
Es
n
alpha
Temperature range
T
Thickness
Type

Ultimate strain
Relative humidity

Creep Factor
45
2.27
31529
460
200000
6.34
0.000009
30.0
15.0
400
Elevated Slab
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa
MPa

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4
C
C
C
mm
0.00078 (2-6)
7 days
Table 2.5.3
1
65%
0.75 Table 2.5.4


Relative
humidity
(%)
0%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Creep
Shrinkage
0.670532 (2-21a)
0.466882 (2-22a)
Factored creep
Factored shrinkage
1.315752
0.350162
Ultimate strain
0.000273
1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.3
0
1
3
7
14
28
90
1
0.8
0.6
Creep
0.4
0
7
14
28
56
100
500
1000
5000
10000
(2-9)
0.000000
0.000046
0.000078
0.000121
0.000168
0.000202
0.000255
0.000264
0.000271
0.000272
Total Temperature
Creep Coefficient
Fully Restrained
Stress (Mpa)
Design Strain
Fully Released
Shortening (mm)
Design Strain
75 m
28 days
-13.488 C
-45.241 C
-31.754 C
-0.000286
0.706
Equivalent
temperature
change
Total temp
0.00
-5.06
-8.67
-13.49
-18.68
-22.48
-28.36
-29.32
-30.14
-30.24
-15.00
-20.06
-23.67
-28.49
-33.68
-37.48
-43.36
-44.32
-45.14
-45.24
20%
40%
60%
-9.01
-0.000286
-21
0.000000

Deicing chemicals
1.4
1.2
0.00025
0.00020
0.00005
0.00000
2000
Crack width
(mm)
0.41
0.3
0.18
0.15
0.1
4000
6000
Days

Shrinkage
Strain
0.00010
50

Pour strips
0.00030
0.00015

Type of Cement
Type of Aggregate
Relative Humidity
100%
Shrinkage Strain
Creep
factor
(2-8)
0.000
0.320
0.431
0.559
0.695
0.807
1.061
1.136
1.241
1.265
80%
service loads
Exposure condition

curing CP
0.6
0%
Shrinkage
Strain
1.2
1.1
1
0.93
0.86
0.75
0.8
Shrinkage
0.2
0
Length
Time to restraint
Moist curing
Shrinkage CP
duration (days)
1.2
1
1
0.94
0.87
0.8
0.73
0.67
0.6
2.35 (2-6)
0.835 Table 2.5.4
3
400 mm
2
2 mm
200
Shrinkage
Days
Volume
Surface
v/s
Creep
8000
10000
Resources
ACI 209R-92
shrinkage.
additive.
w vs. restrain
0.60
0.50
0.409
0.40
0.30
0.20
Crack width
50%
0.10
0.00
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2.00
Crack width
1.50
200
1.00
0.50
0.409
0.00
25
125
225
325
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
2,011
mm2
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
0.50%
-0.000286
-0.000271
-0.000257
-0.000243
-0.000229
-0.000214
-0.000200
-0.000186
-0.000171
-0.000157
-0.000143
-0.000129
-0.000114
-0.000100
-0.000086
-0.000071
-0.000057
-0.000043
-0.000029
-0.000014
0.000000
Eqn. 1
mm
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
318
Custom restrain
50%
400
16
200
201
2,011
400,000
0.50%
-0.000143
318
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Design
Strain
Approx so
Restrain
Th
Bar
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
50%
mm
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
8,042
5,362
4,021
3,217
2,681
2,298
2,011
1,787
1,608
1,462
1,340
mm2
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
2.01%
1.34%
1.01%
0.80%
0.67%
0.57%
0.50%
0.45%
0.40%
0.37%
0.34%
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
-0.000143
Eqn. 1
mm
80
119
159
199
239
279
318
358
398
438
477

400
50%
16
200
201
2,011
400,000
0.50%
-0.000143
318
3.00
2.50
Area Bar Ab
Restrain
w vs. reinf spacing

3.50
Spacing

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11

Modular Ratio,
Mod. E'c
n*
Eqn. 22
MPa
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
18,476
11
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
2.175
Eqn. 25
0.081
0.073
0.066
0.059
0.052
0.045
0.038
0.031
0.024
0.018
0.011
0.005
-0.002
-0.008
-0.014
-0.020
-0.026
-0.032
-0.038
-0.044
-0.050
Eqn. 27
mm
2,848
3,113
3,432
3,824
4,316
4,955
5,815
7,036
8,907
12,133
19,024
44,030
-140,036
-27,031
-14,960
-10,341
-7,902
-6,394
-5,369
-4,627
-4,066
Eqn. 16
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
830,745
Eqn. 9
MPa
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
2.083
Eqn. 28
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
0.002837
m
26
24
22
20
17
15
13
11
8
6
4
2
-1
-3
-5
-7
-9
-12
-14
-16
-18
0.081
0.073
0.066
0.059
0.052
0.045
0.038
0.031
0.024
0.018
0.011
0.005
-0.002
-0.008
-0.014
-0.020
-0.026
-0.032
-0.038
-0.044
-0.050
839,451
845,197
850,943
856,689
862,435
868,181
873,927
879,673
885,419
891,165
896,911
902,657
908,403
914,149
919,895
925,641
931,387
937,133
942,879
948,625
954,371
Eqn. 17
MPa
417.51
420.37
423.22
426.08
428.94
431.80
434.66
437.51
440.37
443.23
446.09
448.94
451.80
454.66
457.52
460.38
463.23
466.09
468.95
471.81
474.67
Eqn. 15
MPa
-33.61
-30.75
-27.89
-25.04
-22.18
-19.32
-16.46
-13.61
-10.75
-7.89
-5.03
-2.17
0.68
3.54
6.40
9.26
12.11
14.97
17.83
20.69
23.55
Eqn. 23
MPa
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
Eqn. 30
mm
0.490
0.489
0.487
0.485
0.483
0.480
0.475
0.469
0.460
0.444
0.409
0.284
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002837
830,745
2.083
2.175
0.011
19,024
0.011
896,911
446.09
-5.03
2.27
0.409
C1
Ncr
Conc. Stress
c1
Avg. Conc.
Stress
Quantity of
cracks
C2
stress s2*
stress s1*
stress c1*
Crack width
Eqn. 6
Eqn. 12
Eqn. 19
MPa
2.261
2.254
2.243
2.230
2.214
2.195
2.175
2.153
2.130
2.105
2.079
Eqn. 25
0.038
0.025
0.019
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.009
Eqn. 27
mm
1,460
3,218
5,568
8,417
11,668
15,230
19,024
22,986
27,067
31,232
35,459
Eqn. 16
901,388
894,899
886,088
875,092
862,074
847,224
830,745
812,852
793,765
773,699
752,864
Eqn. 9
MPa
2.255
2.240
2.218
2.192
2.160
2.123
2.083
2.039
1.991
1.942
1.890
Eqn. 28
0.000708
0.001062
0.001417
0.001772
0.002127
0.002482
0.002837
0.003193
0.003549
0.003906
0.004262
m
51
23
13
9
6
5
4
3
3
2
2
0.038
0.025
0.019
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.009
874,059
884,601
889,745
892,736
894,656
895,970
896,911
897,608
898,140
898,555
898,886
Eqn. 17
MPa
108.68
164.99
221.26
277.51
333.72
389.92
446.09
502.24
558.37
614.49
670.60
Eqn. 15
MPa
-4.10
-4.18
-4.30
-4.44
-4.62
-4.81
-5.03
-5.27
-5.53
-5.79
-6.07
Eqn. 23
MPa
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
2.27
Eqn. 30
mm
0.036
0.075
0.125
0.186
0.255
0.330
0.409
2.519
2.675
2.836
3.000
0.002837
830,745
2.083
2.175
0.011
19,024
0.011
896,911
446.09
-5.03
2.27
0.409
Design moments
Service
445 kN.m
w
w vs.
vs. restrain
restrain
2.96
2.96
2.94
2.94
2.917
2.917
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.88
2.86
2.86
2.84
2.84
Crack Width
Crack Width
75%
75%
2.82
2.82
2.80
2.80 0%
0%
20%
20%
40%
40%
60%
60%
80%
80%
100%
100%
Spacing
Area Bar Ab
As/m (T+B)
Ag
Restrain
Th
Bar
100%
95%
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
mm
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
mm
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
mm
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
mm2
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
201
mm2/m
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
1,005
mm2
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
0.25%
Custom restrain
75%
400
16
200
201
1,005
400,000
0.25%
Design
Strain
Cover

22)
nbar
-0.000286
-0.000271
-0.000257
-0.000243
-0.000229
-0.000214
-0.000200
-0.000186
-0.000171
-0.000157
-0.000143
-0.000129
-0.000114
-0.000100
-0.000086
-0.000071
-0.000057
-0.000043
-0.000029
-0.000014
0.000000
mm
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Eqn. 22
MPa
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
18,476
-0.000214
25
18,476

to NA 1, c1
to NA 2, c2
c (c1 or c2)
Icr
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
mm
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
367
mm
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
mm
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
-74.79
Eqn. 8.6c
mm
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
62.04
Eqn. 8-7
mm4
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
6.73E+08
11
367
62.04
-74.79
62.04
6.73E+08
Concrete
Crack Area,
Reinf. Ratio
s*
Act (EQN
to Act, rhotc
1)
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 8
mm
mm2
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
168,980
0.00595
448.23
Allowable
Service
Service Steel
Ratio (fa/fs)
Stress, fs
Actual Steel
Stress, fa
Actual crack
width
Acceptable
crack width
MPa
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
1,280
mm
2.949
2.943
2.936
2.930
2.923
2.917
2.911
2.904
2.898
2.891
2.885
2.879
2.872
2.866
2.859
2.853
2.847
2.840
2.834
2.827
2.821
mm
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
Eqn. 9
MPa
98
101
103
106
109
112
115
118
121
123
126
129
132
135
138
141
143
146
149
152
155
13.09
12.72
12.37
12.03
11.72
11.42
11.14
10.87
10.61
10.36
10.13
9.90
9.69
9.49
9.29
9.10
8.92
8.74
8.58
8.42
8.26
1,280
2.917
0.30
112
11.42

ACI Shrinkage Calculation

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ACI Shrinkage Calculation

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Shrinkage strain calculation and creep effects based on "Prediction of creep, shrinkage, and temperature effects in concrete structures"

Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Effects of creep, shrinkage, and

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4

Spreadsheet version 1.00

Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity

Correction factors for relative humidity

Total temp Creep

Dry air or protective membrane

3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92

4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.

5. Determine methods to reduce or eliminate restraint during early shrinkage

1. Determine Relevant Material Properties

Shrinkage Strain (sh)t

Correction factor for initial

Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects

Corrected ultimate strain

Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing

w vs. reinf spacing

Custom reinforcement spacing

Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA,

Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Effects of creep, shrinkage, and

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4

Spreadsheet version 1.00

Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity

Correction factors for relative humidity

Total temp Creep

Dry air or protective membrane

3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92

4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

1. Determine Relevant Material Properties

Shrinkage Strain (sh)t

Correction factor for initial

Steps for Considering Shrinkage and Thermal Effects

Corrected ultimate strain

Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing

Custom reinforcement spacing

w vs. reinf spacing

Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Creep Adjusted Creep Adjusted

Possible Depth Possible Depth Depth to NA,

Shrinkage Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Creep Effects (ACI 209R-92)

Effects of creep, shrinkage, and

ACI 209R-92 - Eqn. 2-4

Spreadsheet version 1.00

Table 2.5.4 Correction factors for Relative Humidity

Table 2.5.3 Shrinkage correction factors for initial moist curing

Shrinkage Strain (sh)t

Corrected ultimate strain

Dry air or protective membrane

3. Determine Shrinkage with ACI 209R-92

4. Determine Creep Coefficient with ACI 209R-92

6. Determine Steel required to control crack width.

2. Determine Environment Properties