Paint Application

All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings

Application Parameters
Success of application is governed by

Surface Preparation Film thickness applied Method of application Application conditions

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Brush Roller Conventional Spray Airless Spray

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Choice of Method Material to be applied Substrate Environmental Considerations Transfer Efficiency Clean-up considerations

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Choice of Method Material to be applied Fast drying paints are difficult to apply by roller or brush Paints containing aggregates are best applied by conventional spray or (sometimes) roller Non-convertible paints (eg Chlorinated Rubbers) can be difficult to apply by roller or brush as they pick-up the previously applied paint

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Choice of Method Substrate Small items are difficult to paint by any method other than brush. Complex structures will cause high loss factors if sprayed - unless great care is taken (tip sizes etc). Spraying on old steel does not allow the paint to penetrate deeply into the pits. Working-in by brush is much more effective.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Choice of Method Environmental Considerations Brushing & rollering can be carried out in most areas with little outside effects. Spraying is prohibited in some areas because of the problems associated with overspray. Some paints are incompatible with others and so if spraying, the area must be strictly contained.

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Marine Coatings

Surface Preparation
Choice of Method Transfer Efficiency This is the % of paint transferred from the spray gun to the surface. It is strongly affected by the conditions (wind speed, access etc) but is often: - 90% for Airless Spray - 60% for Conventional Spray

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Choice of Method Clean-up considerations It is easier to clean up brushes and rollers than spraying equipment.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Brush not as simple as it appears quality & size of brush important work quickly & methodically very useful for stripe coats in a tank Best method for applying primers to corroded areas at OBM. Dft applied = volume solids of the product coverage up to 100m2 / man day

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Ballast Spaces - Stripe Coat Application

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Ballast Spaces - Second Stripe Coat Application

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Roller Faster than brush (coverage 200-400m2 / man day) Poor in tight areas and on pitted steel Rollering needs less skill than other methods Only low film thickness achieved (Dft applied = volume solids of the product) Quality of roller very important (not synthetic)

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings

Roller Application.

Rollers are very effective at applying cosmetic topcoats. They are not so good for applying high build anticorrosive or antifouling paints.

Unfortunately there are many situations where spray application is prohibited and roller application is the only economic means of paint application.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Conventional Spray compressed air atomises the paint at the tip a mixture of air and paint is sprayed because air mixes with the paint it must be clean & dry (so oil and moisture separators) for atomisation the paint must have low viscosity, and so can only achieve low film thicknesses. coverage of up 400-750m2 / man day

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Conventional Spray Gun

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Conventional Spray

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Pressure Pot System

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Pressure Pot Spraying

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray by far the most widely used method of application in the Marine and PC industry called airless because there is no air mixed with the paint - it is atomised purely by the very high pressure

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Airless Spray Unit

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray - Advantages speed of application (1200m2 / man day) reduced overspray vs. conventional spray application of highly viscous coatings high dry film thickness in one coat

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray - Disadvantages Health & Safety!!! High hydraulic pressures clogging problems lack of versatility clean-up considerations

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray

Safety Catch Off

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray

Safety Catch On
All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray Product Datasheets recommend fluid pressures for application, but on the pump itself, only the input air pressure can be measured. (50psi on a 40:1 pump => 2000psi fluid pressure) Maintenance of equipment important Use of recommended tip size (not worn tips) Pressure drops, by paint viscosity and length of the line

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Methods of Application Airless Spray - Procedures Spray 12-14 (30-35cm) from surface Start moving before pulling trigger Move parallel to surface so gun is at 90o Overlap each pass by about 50% Release trigger at end of each pass Crosshatch technique for applying thick coatings

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

90

All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings

All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings

Paint Application

All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings

Airless Spray.

It is the only way to paint large ships quickly and economically.

Hand guns give better quality work. Pole guns extend the sprayers reach and are quicker, but give worse quality.

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Marine Coatings

Hot twin feed

Applied by Hydrocat Twin Feed heated lines till mixer block Specialist Applicators

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application

Use thinners only when necessary. Use correct thinners for the product (check datasheet). Thinner & Cleaner may be different. E.g. Intershield 300 :- thinner is GTA220, cleaner is GTA822

Usual maximum is 5%, otherwise: cause solvent entrapment. cause runs, sags, slumping etc. retard cure. alter the volume solids and affect the wft/dft ratio.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Pot life (for 2-pack products) Pot life is the time period between mixing and before both components have become too reacted for the paint to be used. The pot life is temperature related - the higher the temperature, the shorter the pot life. Exceeding the pot life can: waste paint and block airless-spray equipment. affect the adhesion & properties of the coating.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Checking the Conditions Take wet and dry bulb temperature readings from a whirling hygrometer. Calculate the relative humidity (RH) and dew point. Measure the surface temperature on the area that is to be coated. Allow painting when the surface temperature is 3OC or more above the dew point.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Wet Film Thickness / Dry Film Thickness

Apply the paint at the correct wet film thickness (wft) to give the specified dry film thickness (dft). The wft : dft ratio is dependent upon the volume solids. If Volume solids = 74%, 150 microns dft requires 150/0.74 = 203 microns wft. The wft must be checked as soon as the paint has been applied i.e. before solvent evaporation. Spray or application technique can then be adjusted until the correct wft is achieved. The dft can be checked later but this will read total thickness of both the new coat and underlying coats.

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application.
Film Thickness Distribution. Extensive examination of the film thickness applied to vessels has shown: Minimum film thickness achieved is 40% of that specified. Maximum film thickness achieved is 250% of that specified. Thicknesses measured will follow a normal distribution curve. The film thickness distribution is especially important for such as self-polishing antifoulings where:Lifetime of SPC = film thickness polishing rate The variation in the film thickness distribution can be moderated by volume area control.
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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Spreading Rates / Coverage

Theoretical Spreading Rate (TSR)

This is the coverage that would be achieved for the application of a totally even film thickness to a completely flat surface. It is calculated as follows :TSR = 10 x volume solids dry film thickness

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Spreading Rates / Coverage

Theoretical coverage does not consider losses due to: Surface roughness (blast profile, pitting)

Paint Distribution (method of application and complexity of structure

Application (degree of air movement). Wastage (paint loss in tins, pumps and fluid lines).

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Marine Coatings

Paint Application
Practical Spreading Rate (PSR)

This allows for appropriate loss factors.

Typically we use a loss factor of 30% for airless spray application of a high build coating to flat surfaces, (e.g. outside hulls).

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Marine Coatings

Spreading Rates / Coverage

Practical Spreading Rate (PSR) If comparing quotations, ensure that the PSR has been calculated in the same way. e.g. for 30% loss factor TSR x 0.7 = 3 parts lost for every 10 applied i.e. 30%

TSR / 1.3 = 3 parts lost for every 13 applied i.e. 23%

All similar paints will have the same losses when applied.

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Marine Coatings

Questions?

All products supplied and technical advice or recommendations given are subject to our standard Conditions of Sale.

Marine Coatings