Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

IBM Global Services
Data structures and Internal tables
Data Structure & Internal Tables |
Dec-2008
2005 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Services
Objectives
The participants will be able to:
Create a Structure in an ABAP Program
Create an Internal Table in an ABAP program Populate an Internal Table with data Read Database information into an Internal Table
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Data Structures
Structure
Address List LN FN City ST.
Internal Table Address List LN LN LN FN FN FN City City City ST. ST. ST.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Declaring a Structure - Method #1

1
REPORT YN1C0008. DATA: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, FLAG TYPE C, ID TYPE TABNA-ID, NAME1 TYPE TABNA-NAME1, CITY TYPE TABNA-CITY, END OF ADDRESS. MOVE X TO ADDRESS-FLAG. MOVE 0001 TO ADDRESS-ID. MOVE Smith TO ADDRESS-NAME1. MOVE Philadelphia TO ADDRESS- CITY. WRITE: ADDRESS-FLAG,ADDRESS-ID. ADDRESS-NAME1,ADDRESS-CITY Basic Syntax: DATA: BEGIN OF <name> <field1> . . .
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
<field2> . . .
... END OF <name>.
Address Structure
Flag ID Name1 City
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Declaring a Structure - Method #2

REPORT Yxxxxxxx. TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDR, Basic Syntax: TYPES: BEGIN OF <name1>, <field1> . . . , TYPE EMPLOYEE-ID, TYPE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, TYPE EMPLOYEE-CITY,
FLAG,
ID NAME1 CITY
<field2> . . . ,
... , END OF <name1>. DATA: <name2> TYPE <name1>.
END OF ADDR.
DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR. MOVE: X TO ADDRESS-FLAG, 00001 TO ADDRESS-ID,
Smith TO ADDRESS-NAME1,
Address Structure
Flag ID Name1 City
Philadelphia TO ADDRESS-CITY. WRITE: ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME1, ADDRESS-CITY.

5 Data Structure & Internal Tables | Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport

REPORT Y170DM37. TYPES: BEGIN OF ADDRESS, FLAG TYPE C, ID TYPE EMPLOYEE-ID, NAME TYPE EMPLOYEE-NAME1, CITY TYPE EMPLOYEE-CITY, END OF ADDRESS. DATA: ADDRESS TYPE ADDR.
EMPLOYEE
ID 000000001 Name1 Electronics Inc. City Waldorf
Address
Flag
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO ADDRESS.
ID 000000001
Name
City Waldorf
DATA: WA_EMPL TYPE EMPLOYEE.

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO WA_EMPL. ADDRESS-ID = WA_EMPL-ID. ADDRESS-NAME = WA_EMPL-NAME. ADDRESS-CITY = WA_EMPL-CITY. WRITE: / ADDRESS-FLAG, ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME, ADDRESS-CITY. CLEAR: ADDRESS,WA_EMPL. ENDSELECT.
6 Data Structure & Internal Tables |
Clear <f1>.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Practice
Declaring a structure and populating the structure with values inside a program.
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Internal Table Types

Standard
Sorted
Hashed
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM40. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, ID NAME1 TYPE ID, TYPE NAME1,
The TYPES statement defines the structure and data type for the internal table and its work area
COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, END OF EMP. ID NAME1 COUNTRY
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP, EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
Work Area
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO EMPTAB_WA. APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB. ENDSELECT.
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.
10
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

REPORT Y170DM40. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP,
ID
NAME1
TYPE ID,
TYPE NAME1,
The TYPES statement defines the structure and data type for the internal table and its work area The DATA statement with an INITIAL SIZE creates the actual internal table without a header line. The DATA statement without the INITIAL SIZE creates the work area for the internal table.
COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, END OF EMP.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10, EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.
Work Area
ID
NAME1
COUNTRY
MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA. APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB. ENDSELECT.
APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

Dec-2008
11
IBM Global Services
Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???
Separate Internal Table Work Area
Performance Issues
Nested Internal Tables
12
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Internal Table without a Header Line
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY
ID
FORMA
NAME1
SORTL
. . .
ID B
NAME1
COUNTRY
Work Area
13
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Internal Table without a Header Line

1
EMPLOYEE
COUNTRY ID FORMA NAME1 SORT . . . USA 00000001 Company Baker Distributors BAKER . . .
2 ID NAME1 COUNTRY 00000001 Baker Distributors USA
Work Area
ID NAME1 COUNTRY 00000001 Baker Distributors USA
1 2 3 . . . 10
This work area is not attached to the body of the internal table.
14
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Transferring ABAP Dictionary Table Structures
REPORT Y170DM41.
DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMPLOYEE, WA_EMP TYPE EMPLOYEE.
The internal table EMPTAB will have the exact same structure as the dictionary table EMPLOYEE.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO WA_EMP. MOVE WA_EMP TO EMPTAB. APPEND WA_EMP TO EMPTAB. ENDSELECT.
Notice the MOVE statement instead of a MOVECORRESPONDING.
15
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Automatic Field Conversion

MOVE-CORRESPONDING or MOVE field to field
Individual field type conversion
MOVE
Structure to structure Field to structure Structure to field
Intermediate C type Followed by adoption of new types
16
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Mass Reading from Database Tables into Internal Tables

REPORT Y170DM69.
SELECT * FROM <table> . . . 1. INTO TABLE <EMPTAB>.

DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMPLOYEE.
2. APPENDING TABLE <EMPTAB>.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB WHERE COUNTRY = USA.
Notice no ENDSELECT is needed here because no loop processing occurs.
17
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Processing an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM45. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, COUNTRY NAME1 SALES END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP, WA_EMP TYPE EMP SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP WHERE COUNTRY BETWEEN A AND D. WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1, WA_EMP-SALES. CLEAR WA_EMP. ENDLOOP. IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / NO ENTRIES. ENDIF. TYPE COUNTRY, TYPE NAME1, TYPE SALES,
This LOOP AT <EMPTAB> statement allows for a logical expression in a WHERE clause to limit the processing of the internal table.
If no internal table entries qualify under the logical expression, the statement within the loop is not executed and SY-SUBRC is set to 4.
Dec-2008
18
IBM Global Services
System Field SY-TABIX

COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY,

NAME1 TYPE NAME1, END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP .
PARAMETERS:
START TYPE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 10,

END TYPE SY-TABIX DEFAULT 20.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP FROM START TO END. WRITE: / SY-TABIX, WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1. ENDLOOP.
Screen output
SY-TABIX
19
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Accumulating Data within an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM43. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, SALES TYPE SALES, END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP, WA_EMP TYPE EMP. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO WA_EMP. MOVE WA_EMP TO EMPTAB. COLLECT WA_EMP INTO EMPTAB. ENDSELECT.
COLLECT <EMPTAB>. Country Sales

D USA GB D 400,000 1,000,000 500,000 7,800,000 Screen output 371,065.00 45,305.00 8,200,000.00 0.00 500,000.00 577,000.00 234.00 1,000,000.00 0.00
LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP.

WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-SALES. ENDLOOP.
A CH D F GB NL NO USA HK
Dec-2008
20
IBM Global Services
Sorting an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM44. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, NAME1 SALES TYPE NAME1, TYPE SALES,
Sorting options: 1) SORT <EMPTAB> - sorts the entries of the internal table <EMPTAB> in ascending order. 2) SORT <EMPTAB> BY <field> sorts the table on one or more fields within the table.
END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP , WA_EMP TYPE EMP. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. SORT EMPTAB BY SALES DESCENDING. LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP. WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1, WA_EMP-SALES. ENDLOOP.
21 Data Structure & Internal Tables |
screen output
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Creating an Internal Table with Header Line

REPORT Y170DM38. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, ID TYPE ID, NAME1 TYPE NAME1, COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP INITIAL SIZE 10 WITH HEADER LINE. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. The TYPES statement defines the structure and data type for the internal table. The DATA statement with an INITIAL SIZE creates the actual internal table capable of storing data. Because of the WITH HEADER LINE addition, this internal table is created with a header line. ID NAME1 COUNTRY
Header Line
22
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Internal Table Keys

Implicit Key
All character fields
Explicit Key
User-defined e.g. WITH [ UNIQUE/NON-UNIQUE ] KEY FIELD1 FIELD2 ...
23
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Size of an Internal Table
24
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Control Level Processing

AT FIRST
AT NEW < field >

AT END < field > AT LAST
25
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Reading a Single Table Entry

COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY,

NAME1 END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. READ TABLE . TYPE NAME1,
26
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Reading a Single Table Entry - Options

READ TABLE <EMPTAB> options: 1) READ TABLE <EMPTAB>. 2) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY <k1> = <v1> <kn> = <vn>. 3) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH TABLE KEY <k1> = <v1> ... <kn> = <vn>. 4) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY = <value>. 5) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> WITH KEY . . . BINARY SEARCH. 6) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>. 7) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING <f1> <f2> . . . . 8) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> COMPARING ALL FIELDS. 9) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING <f1> <f2> . . . . 10) READ TABLE <EMPTAB> TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS.
27
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Maintaining Internal Tables

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE. MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB. APPEND EMPTAB. ENDSELECT. READ TABLE EMPTAB INDEX 1. MOVE ABC TO EMPTAB-NAME1. MODIFY EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX. IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE / Attempt to modify failed.. ELSE. WRITE: / EMPTAB-COUNTRY, EMPTAB-NAME1. ENDIF. INSERT EMPTAB INDEX 1. DELETE EMPTAB INDEX SY-TABIX.
INSERT <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.

MODIFY <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>. DELETE <EMPTAB> INDEX <i>.
Check SY-SUBRC after every attempt to change an internal table entry.
28
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Working with an Internal Table without a Header Line
APPEND <work area> TO <internal table>.
COLLECT <work area> INTO <internal table>.

INSERT <work area> INTO <internal table>.
MODIFY <internal table> FROM <work area>. READ TABLE <internal table> INTO <work area>. LOOP AT <internal table> INTO <work area>.
29
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Deleting an Internal Table
CLEAR <internal table> Initialises the header line. REFRESH <internal table>
Internal table lines remain unchanged. Deletes all table lines.

Storage space is not released. Paging is released.
FREE <internal table>
Deletes all table lines.

Storage space is released. Header line remains unchanged
Header line remains unchanged.
30
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Information about an Internal Table

REPORT Y170DM49. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, NAME1 TYPE NAME1, END OF EMP. DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP, LINE_COUNT TYPE I, INITIAL_COUNT TYPE I.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. DESCRIBE TABLE EMPTAB LINES LINE_COUNT OCCURS INITIAL_COUNT. WRITE: / lines:, LINE_COUNT, / occurs:, INITIAL SIZE_COUNT.
DESCRIBE TABLE <internal table> LINES <var1> OCCURS <var2>.
screen output
31
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Calling the SAP Table Editor

REPORT Y170DM50. TYPES: BEGIN OF EMP, COUNTRY NAME1 END OF EMP, DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP , WA_EMP TYPE EMP. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO TABLE EMPTAB. EDITOR-CALL FOR EMPTAB. CHECK SY-SUBRC EQ 0. LOOP AT EMPTAB INTO WA_EMP WHERE NAME1 EQ Maurice Cheeks. WRITE: / WA_EMP-COUNTRY, WA_EMP-NAME1. ENDLOOP. IF SY-SUBRC NE 0. WRITE: / No records.. TYPE COUNTRY, TYPE NAME1,
ENDIF.
screen output
32 Data Structure & Internal Tables | Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Demonstration
Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
33
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Practice
Declaring an internal table, populating it by selecting data from the table and then looping into it and displaying the data fetched.
34
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Summary
Structures in code are temporary objects in program memory.
A structure can be defined using a combination of the TYPES and DATA statements.
The statement MOVE-CORRESPONDING transports values field by field between the ABAP data structures. Internal table, that can store records of data temporarily during the processing of a program. 3 different types of internal tables: Standard, Sorted, and Hashed. An internal table object is created with the DATA statement by referring to an internal table type using the TYPE parameter APPEND statement adds the contents of the work area to the internal table. The system field SY-TABIX is set to the line number of the entry read.
35
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Summary (Contd.)
The CLEAR statement resets all fields to their initial value.
The REFRESH statement deletes all table lines.

The FREE statement releases the storage space required for a table.
36
Dec-2008
IBM Global Services
Questions
What is a Structure? What is an internal table? What are the different types of internal tables are there? Explain the following statements : Move corresponding Append Clear Refresh Free.
37
Dec-2008

Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

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Chapter 07 - Data Structures & Internal Tables

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IBM Global Services

Data structures and Internal tables

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Declaring a Structure - Method #1

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Declaring a Structure - Method #2

Philadelphia TO ADDRESS-CITY. WRITE: ADDRESS-ID, ADDRESS-NAME1, ADDRESS-CITY.

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Populating a Structure with Field-by-Field Transport

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO ADDRESS.

DATA: WA_EMPL TYPE EMPLOYEE.

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Internal Table Types

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, END OF EMP. ID NAME1 COUNTRY

DATA: EMPTAB TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF EMP, EMPTAB_WA TYPE EMP.

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE INTO EMPTAB_WA. APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB. ENDSELECT.

APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Creating an Internal Table without a Header Line

COUNTRY TYPE COUNTRY, END OF EMP.

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE.

MOVE-CORRESPONDING EMPLOYEE TO EMPTAB_WA. APPEND EMPTAB_WA TO EMPTAB. ENDSELECT.

APPEND <work area> to <EMPTAB>.

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Internal Table without a Header Line WHY???

Separate Internal Table Work Area

Nested Internal Tables

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Internal Table without a Header Line

Data Structure & Internal Tables |

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Internal Table without a Header Line

ID NAME1 COUNTRY 00000001 Baker Distributors USA

Data Structure & Internal Tables |