In situ permeability test Set up of testing box section as per drawing.

Test will start after 60days from casting the last panel of the rectangular box, in conjunction to the contractor schedule and progress of work.

Test procedure Permeability Test 1. Installation of ground observation well in the box section shall be down to 1m above the rock surface. Installation of ground observation well shall be minimum 3m deeper than water table. 2. Record the groundwater level everyday and indicate rainfall, if any. 3. Set the phreatic surface in box section to steady state by pumping the water to the 1m above observation well (+2m above rock level). Steady state considered achieved when the reading pumped water volume per day is within 500ml difference for three days. Thus, k value could be calculated as well. 4. Check hydraulic gradient reduction from the cut off system is 20 (target achievable value). Pumping of water shall be conditioned at the level accordingly (5.5m below groundwater level). Water to be pumped out and permeability value shall be compared, again within 500ml difference for three days. If pumping rate is the lower, then the hydraulic gradient reduction criterion for the cut off wall is considered achieved. If found that the pumping rate is same, step may be repeated at 2m higher until we find the achieved hydraulic gradient by pumping.

Cored Test Samples 1. 6 cored samples to be taken from the box section and 6 cored samples to be taken from elsewhere of the constructed cut off wall. 2. Laboratory test to be carried out for permeability, Elastic modulus and unconfined compressive strength.

Erosion Test (Davidson et al, 1992) 1. From the laboratory test samples above, the samples were split lengthwise in a splitting tensile fashion. 2. The two halves of the sample were mounted 1/16 inch (1.5mm) apart and water was forced thru the gap under 30 psi (207kPa) pressure. 3. After 24 hours, the erosion of the samples is described, measured and recorded in unit mm. 4. Subsequently, a more severe test was devised by subjecting each specimen to a jet of water from a 1/8 inch (3mm) nozzle under 45 psi (310kPa) pressure. 5. Under these circumstances, the erosion of the specimen was measured in term of diameter of hole and depth of erosion.