Design an induced draft tower to cool 50 tons of water per hour from 45 degree C to 30 degree C.

Compute the dimensions of the packed section and the makeup-water requirement.

Process Design
Given data
Water flow rate L = 50 tons/ hour= 13.89 kg/s Water inlet temperature=45 degree C

Data referred from Mass Transfer Operations , R.E. Treybal, 3rd ed.,Pg-249
Entering air dry-bulb temperature : 30 degree C. Entering air wet-bulb temperature : degree c. Air/ water vapour ratio : 1.5 times the minimum. KYa ( overall volumetric gas phase mass transfer coefficient) : 0.9 kg / m3.s . Y For a liquid rate of at least 2.7kg/ m2.s and a gas rate of 2.0 kg/m2.s

L2 = 13.89 kg water/s TL2 = 45 degree C

Saturated air

Cooling Tower

TG1= 30 degree C TW1= 24 degree C H1= 72 kJ/kg Y1 = 0.016 kg water vapour / kg dry air

L1 = kg water/s TL1 = 30 degree C

Gs= kg dry air/s

R P

Graphical integration of NTU

= 3.27

Makeup-water requirement
E= evaporation rate , kg/s W= windage loss, kg/s B= Blowdown rate, kg/s M= makeup water, kg/s xc = weight fraction hardness in circulated water xw = weight fraction hardness in makeup water For continuous makeup and continuous blowdown, a total material balance is M =B + E + W And a hardness balance is M xm = (B +W) xc Elimination of M results in

B= Exm / (xm xc) - W

Assuming outlet air is essentially saturated, Y2=0.0475. The approximate rate of evaporation is then E= 9.346 (0.0475 -0.016) =0.294 kg/s

The windage loss is estimated as 0.2 percent of the circulation rate, W= 0.002(13.89)= 0.627kg/s B = 0.294*500(2000-500) -0.027 = 0.071kg /s The makeup water is then estimated to be M= B + E + W= 0.071 + 0.294 + 0.027= 0.392 kg/s