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A
a b c l d e
B
x
M B
q Mx
Tx q Mx Tx M B
Mx Mx
Tx
Tx
Vedrana Kozuli
34
Sile u presjeku x dobivaju se analizom ravnotee dijela grede lijevo ili desno od presjeka.
P q MO
d e
c l
Mx A
x
Tx P Mx
0<x<a Tx = A ; M x = A x
a < x < (a + b) Tx = A P M x = A x P (x a )
Tx
q Mx
( a + b ) < x < ( a + b + c)
Tx = A P q ( x a b)
Tx Tx Mx
x
M x = A x P (x a ) q
MO
( x a b) 2 2
( a + b + c) < x < ( a + b + c + d )
B
Tx = B M x = B (l x ) + M O (l e) < x < l
Tx Mx
x
Tx = B M x = B (l x )
Tx - dijagram A
P q.c
Mx - dijagram
Mmax
MO
Vedrana Kozuli
35
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0 2
P A =P/2
0
L MB = 0 : Ay L + P = 0
0
B =P/2 Nx
A y = A0 = P 2 L MA = 0 : B L P = 0 2 B = B0 = P 2
Tx B
0
dTx = p x ; dx
dM x = Tx dx
Mx
+
d 2M x dx 2
= p x
Mmax=P L/4
B
a L b
Fx = 0 :
Ax = 0
MB = 0 : Ay L + P b = 0
A y = A0 = P b L
Nx
+
Tx B
0
MA = 0 : B L P a = 0
B = B0 = P a L
Mx
+
Mmax=Pab/L
Vedrana Kozuli
36
P B
c L a
Fx = 0 :
0
Ax = 0 A y = A0 = P
B =P
M B = 0 : A y L + P a + P (L a ) = 0 M A = 0 : B L P a P (L a ) = 0
B = B0 = P
P P
Tx B
0
Tx - antisimetrian dijagram
Mx
+
Mx - simetrian dijagram
M=Pa
M
M/L
Tx
M/L
M/L
Mx
Ma/L
+
Mb/L
Vedrana Kozuli
37
L MB = 0 : A0 L + q L = 0 2
B =q L/2
0
A0 =
qL 2
qL 2
Tx B
0
M A = 0 : B0 =
Tx = A 0 q x =
Mx
+
qL qx = q L x 2 2 Tx - antisimetrian
qL /8
Mmax= qL /8
qL qx M x = A0x q x x = x qx x = (L x ) 2 2 2 2 Mx - simetrian
M B = 0 : A0 = M A = 0 : B0 =
qL 4
q
A =q L/4
0
B =q L/4
qL 4
q Tx
Tmax/ min =
qL 4
Tx dijagram - simetrian
q (L 2) 2 8
q(L/2)2 /8
q(L/2) /8
2
Mx
M max/ min =
q(L/2) /8
Mx dijagram - antisimetrian
q(L/2) /8
Vedrana Kozuli
38
p/2
p/2
+
p/2 Tx
Tx = 3 p L p x 8 px Mx = 3 p L x 2 8
2
+
3L/8 L/4
M max :
Mx
9pL /128
+
p(L/2)2/8
pL /16
p(L/2)2/8
parabola 2
Vedrana Kozuli
39
Zadano optereenje:
px = q x L
MA = 0 :
Qx A
2x/3 x x/3
Kontrola:
px
Tx Mx
B = 2Q = 1qL 3 3 Fy = A + B Q = 0
Fy = 0 Tx = A Q x
A A
+ x =L 3
Tx
B Q B
L/2
L/2
1 Mx = 0 Mx = A x Qx x
Mx
Mmax
Qab/L = pL /9
za M max :
dM x =0 dx
Tx = 0 1 3 ( x L) 2 = 0
Vedrana Kozuli
40
Trokutno optereenje
Q q Q
M x = Tx dx + M x = 0 =
0
2/3 . L/2
2/3 . L/2
= =
qL 4
4 x3 + 0 = x L2 3
L/2 L
L/2
q L 4 x2 x 1 2 4 3 L x=L 2
Maksimalni moment: Tx = 0
A Tx
+
M max = 1 q L2 12
Mx
Mmax
Zadano optereenje:
px = 2q x L
Tx = p x dx + Tx = 0 = q 2 =2 x L 2 =
x 0
+ 1 qL = 4
qL 1 4 ( x L) 2 4
Vedrana Kozuli
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Vedrana Kozuli
42
Konzola
P MA A L A=P Tx A
+
MA A L
Tx=0 Mx MA=M
MA=P L
Mx
Desna konzola
q MA
L
Lijeva konzola
q MA
L
A=qL
A=qL Tx
Tx
+
Mx MA=qL /2
2
qL /8
Mx
qL /8
qL /2
Vedrana Kozuli
43
Greda s prepustima
q
A B
Superpozicija:
q
qL /8
Mmax= qL /8
+
q
A
qa /2
P.b
qa /2
=
+
P.b
Mx
Vedrana Kozuli
44
I
Primjer:
I
glavni nosa
I
sekundarni popreni nosa
Lp P1 A A p11 1 p21 P2 P3 p
I
1
I
p32 p22 p12 2 L 3
2
B B
P1
P2
QA
Q1
P3
Q2
QB
Q1
Q2
QA
Q1
Q1
1
Q2
Q2
2
QB
A QA Q1
1
B Q2
2
QB
Q1 = Q1 + Q1
l
d d
Q2 = Q2 + Q2
M 2 = A (1 + 2 ) Q A (1 + 2 ) Q1 + Q1 2 = (1 + 2 ) (A Q A ) Q1 2
Vedrana Kozuli
45
I
1
I
2
+
+ +
Q1
Q2
Primjer 2
I
l
L
+
+ +
Vedrana Kozuli
46
A=P b / L
B
B=P a / L
M
M =Pab/L
M =Pab/L
A
+
M
Mx na gredi AB +
M x
Mx na gornjem tapu
Mx na gredi AB +
Mx na gornjem tapu
A
+
Vedrana Kozuli
47
Vedrana Kozuli
48
q
L1 L2 L3
M
+
qL12/8
qL2 /8
+ qL3 /8
GERBEROV NOSA
q
L1 L2 L3
qL1 /8
qL2 /8
+
M
+ qL3 /8
2
Vedrana Kozuli
49
Mjesto zglobova unutar pojedinog polja prilagouje se dominantnom optereenju. Primjer - Gerberov nosa preko dva polja -- ujednaenje momenata
q A A L D a B D B
a=0.207 L
C C L
T
qL/2 +
0.707 qL
+
qL/2
0.707 qL
M
qL 8
2
+
qL 8
2
qL 8
Vedrana Kozuli
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Vedrana Kozuli
51
P1
q1
P2
q2
BH
B
BV
C 2
CV
D
DV
E
EV
=0 =0 =0 ili
M1
=0 =0 =0
M2 M3
M2 M3
Umjesto rjeavanja 6 jednadbi sa 6 nepoznanica, Gerberov nosa se rastavlja na diskove. Rjeavanje Gerberovog nosaa ralanjenim postupkom:
P1 A 1 B q1 C P2 2 3 D q2 E
P1 A AV Q1 Q1 B BV q1 C CV Q2 Q2
P2 1. NIVO Q3 Q3 D DV q2 E EV 2. NIVO
Vedrana Kozuli
52
q1
B
A B
P1
C
C
q2
D
D
P2
C MA
B
+ +
D
+
P1
T A
+
P1
Vedrana Kozuli
53
Poligonalne grede
Poluokvirna greda izloena uspravnom optereenju
g(x)
preka
B B
0
stup
A L A
0
Primjer:
F C
L/4 L/4 L/2
q=2F/L B
1.5F
F 0.5F 0.5F
1.5F
B = 1.5F h
T
A L A = 1.5F
0
3FL 8
FL 2
+
q(L/2) 8
2
N
Mp
vor C 1.5F
Tp Ts Ns Ms
Np
Np = Ts = 0 Tp = Ns = 1.5F Mp = Ms = 0
Vedrana Kozuli
54
B B = 1.5F
1.5F
+ T
1.5Fh 1.5Fh
N +
+
Mp
wh 8
1.5F
vor C
Tp Ts Ns Ms
Np
ravnotea vora C: F
Tp = 1.5F Ns = 1.5F
Ts = F
Vedrana Kozuli
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q=4F/L C
F B F F h=L/2
L/6
L/6
L/6
2F
B = 2F A
0
+
s co 2F
L A = 2F
FL 2
FL 3
+ N
vor C
Tk Mk Np = 0 , Nk = 0 Tp = 0 , Tk = 0 Mp = Mk = FL/2 Mp Np Tp
q(L/2) 8
2
Vedrana Kozuli
sin 2F
Nk
56
Portalna greda
C
g(x) D
A A
0
B L B
0
wh
w AV = wh A AH = 2wh L=h
B B = wh
2wh
wh
wh
3wh 2
wh 2
3wh 2
+
+
wh 2
wh 8
wh 8
M
wh vor C
Mp Np Tp Ts Ns Ms Tp Ts Ns Tp Ts Ns Ts Ns Ms Np Np Np
wh
Tp Mp
vor D
Vedrana Kozuli
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