FLATNESS MEASUREMENT

ALEX P.M. 0206

FLATNESS ?

Flatness measurement : jackscrew method

Jackscrews are preleveled using a height gage.

Part is mounted on jackscrews

jackscrew method :

Part surface has been leveled to the surface plate. Comparing the surface to the optimum plane. (FIM)

Flatness measurement : wobble - plate method

Leveling Wobble plate in use.

Flatness measurement : fixed - plane method

Part resting on three equal pins.

FIM being obtained from the inverted surface.

Flatness measurement : direct - contact method

Direct - contact method

Mastering the probe with a precision parallel

Inspecting the part.

Optical flatness inspection

Viewing the bands on the surface of the part with a optical flat.

Optical flatness inspection

Wedge method

Contact method

Interpreting the Bands for Flatness Error

Straight, parallel & equally spaced bands shows that the surface is flat.

One band of error equals 11.57 millionths out of flatness.

Interpreting the Bands for Flatness Error

Concave : out of flat by 2 bands.

Spherical concave : out of flat by 2 bands

Interpreting the Bands for Flatness Error

Spherical convex : out of flat by 2 bands (23.14 millionths).

Peaks & valleys : out of flat by 5 bands (57.85 millionths).

STRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT
ALEX P.M. 0206

STRAIGHTNESS ?

STRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT

Axis Vs surface element straightness

Straightness of surface element : cylindrical parts

Straightness of surface element :

jackscrew method

Jackscrews are preleveled using a height gage.

Establishing zero on the part surface at one end.

Straightness of surface element : jackscrew method

The indicator is traversed along the surface elements of the shaft (at the top dead center) for straightness error measurement

Straightness of surface element : Precision straightedge method

A precision straightedge can be used when tolerances are relatively loose.

Straightness of surface element : Comparator method

Straightness of surface element : Two - Block method

The part is placed on top of two equal height blocks.

Dial indicator indicates line elements of the surface.

Straightness of surface element :

Noncylindrical parts

Jack screw method Precision straightedge method

Conical parts

Optical comparator method Precision straightedge method Wobble plate method

Straightness of an axis :

Straightness of an axis : Differential measurement methods

Exploring a line element of the shaft.

Straightness of an axis : Differential measurement methods

Straightness of an axis : Precision spindle method

Straightness of an axis : Precision spindle method

Example of a graph for axial straightness error.

Polar graph showing that the part is acceptable.

Straightness of an axis : Precision spindle method

(A) Bowed shaft

(B) Eccentric

Straightness of an axis : Precision spindle method

(C) Out of round

(D) Hourglass condition

Straightness of a centerplane :

Straightness of centerplane : Differential measurement methods

Indicating line elements of the part on the surface plate.

Some possible outcomes of centerplane straightness measurement

THANK U