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November 20, 1896 the preliminary investigation on Rizal began Rizal as the accused appeared before Judge Advocate, Colonel Francisco Olive. He was subjected to a 5 day investigation. Rizal was informed about his charges and was given the chance to answer the questions they have on him though he was never permitted to confront those people who testified against him.
The ONLY RIGHT given to Rizal by the Spanish authorities was to choose his defense counsel.
The Prosecution
December 8, 1896 100 first and second lieutenants in the Spanish Army was presented to Rizal. Rizal chose Lt. Taviel de Andrade be his defense, he was the brother of Jose Taviel de Andrade, Rizals previous bodyguard in Calamba in 1887
The Prosecution
December 11, 1896 the information of charges was formally read to Rizal in his prison cell, with his counsel present
The Prosecution
Charges to the Accused: the principal organizer and the living soul of the Filipino insurrection, the founder of societies, periodicals, and books dedicated to fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.
The Prosecution
December 15, 1896 Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His People in his prison cell at Fort Santiago, appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to inform the people that he condemned the rebellion because he wanted their liberties to be attained through education and industry
The Prosecution
December 15, 1896 Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His People in his prison cell at Fort Santiago, appealing to them to stop the necessary shedding of blood and to inform the people that he condemned the rebellion because he wanted their liberties to be attained through education and industry was not published because it did not condemn the rebellion in its totality but only in two aspects: lack of participation and preparation.
The Prosecution
December 25, 1896 a dark and cheerless Christmas for Rizal, his last on earth, was the saddest in Rizals life
December 26, 1896 at 8:00am, the court-martial of Rizal started in the military building called Cuartel de Espana
The Prosecution
December 26, 1896 If pardoned, permanent disqualification and subjection to surveillance of authority, indemnity of 20,000 pesos. De Andrade in defense, delivered an impressive speech and claimed that the guilt of Rizal has not been legally established. Rizal supplemented his defenders points in detail.
The Prosecution
Rizal read his own defense which he wrote in his cell in Fort Santiago. According to Rizal, there are twelve points to prove his innocence: 1. As testified by Pio Valenzuela, Rizal was against rebellion 2. He had not written a letter addressed to the Katipunan comprising revolutionary elements 3. Without his knowledge, his name was used by the Katipunan; if he really was guilty, he could have escaped while he was in Singapore
The Prosecution
4. If he was guilty, he should have left the country while in exile; he shouldn't have built a home, bought a parcel of land or established a hospital in Dapitan. 5. If he was really the leader of the revolution, the revolutionists should have consulted him. 6. He did not deny that he wrote the by-laws of the La Liga Filipina, but to make things clear, the organization was a civic association, not a revolutionary society.
The Prosecution
7. After the first meeting of La Liga, the association was displaced because of his exile in Dapitan, thus, did not last long. 8. If the La Liga was reorganized nine months later, he had no idea about it 9. If the La Liga had a revolutionary purpose, then Katipunan should not have been organized. 10. If the Spanish authorities found his letters having bitter atmosphere, it was because in 1890 his family was being persecuted resulting to their dispossession of properties and deportation of all his brothers-in-law.
The Prosecution
11. He lived an exemplary life in Dapitan the politico-military commanders and missionary priests in the province could attest to that. 12. If according to witnesses the speech he delivered at Doroteo Ongjunco's house had inspired the revolution, then he wanted to confront these persons. If he really was for the revolution, then why did the Katipunan sent an unfamiliar emissary to him in Dapitan? It is so because all his friends were aware that he never advocated violence.
The Prosecution
December 26, 1896 Lt. Col. Togores Arjona
- considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared. After a short deliberation, the military court unanimously voted for the sentence of death. (afternoon) Death sentence was passed with the same condition except that indemnity was raised to 100,000pesos
The Prosecution
December 28, 1896 Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja
- The decision was submitted to Gov. Polavieja who immediately sought the opinion of Nicolas de la Pea the latter found the verdict just and final. - approved the decision of the courtmartial and ordered Rizal to be shot at 7:00 in the morning of December 30 at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta)