Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MODULE why ?
modern industrial society economic growth dynamic development rapid expansion
MODULE why ?
to match demand with capacity to build
MODULAR OFFERS
dimensional coordination - simplify & clarify limitation of variants in dimensions. promotes Standardization. permits Prefabrication. encourages industrialization increase production through increased productivity
4
dimensional coordination
dimensional coordination selection of dimensions : the FUNCTION which determines principal dimensions, room dimensions, etc. the CONSTRUCTION METHOD which determines the dimensions of individual components, connections, etc.
to achieve harmony in form, function and construction method as well as economically justified
6
limitation of variants
1 in building trade, there are numerous components with uniform functions but with variations in dimensions e.g. doors, windows, storey height 2 standardisation of dimensions: - agreement on preferred sizes - remove arbitrary variations - allowance for justified functional and production requirements
7
standardisation
limitation of variants leads to
standardisation
should not limit facilitates
specalisation in manufacturing of selected components open building industry distribution of work manufacturers, fabricators, installers
8
levels of standardisation
National standardisation MS 1064 Client standardisation elements, processes schools, hospitals, offices Manufacturer standardisation products, materials, sub-assemblies Project standardisation procedures, building elements 9
prefabrication
key
to lay down limits within which variations on a given dimension can be tolerated
10
principle of repetition
functional requirements - dimensions of rooms & building
components are repeated and uniform in rooms with the same function
structural conditions
- structural details having the function are given the same dimensions
facilitates design
simplifies construction work allows industrial production
11
rhythm in architecture
creativity and flexibility
architectural masterpieces
12
rhythm in architecture
creativity and flexibility
architectural masterpieces
13
Many of natures form are composed of IDENTICAL ELEMENTS yet the effect is far from monotonous
14
modular coordination
an international standarisation of dimensioning system
principal aim to achieve dimensional compatibility between building dimensions, span, or spaces and the sizes of components or equipment by using related modular dimensions 15
basis of modular coordination the use of modules (basic modules & multi modules) a reference system to define coordinating spaces and zones for building elements and componentsrules for positioning of building elements within the reference system rules for sizing of components in order to determine their work sizes rules for defining preferred sizes communication between participants in the building process
16
the use of modules M = 100 mm Basic module the smallest module to be used to coordinate position and size of components, elements and installations, related by reference 3D points, lines and planes 3M, 6M, 9M, 12M . . . Multimodules planning modules for main dimensions of framework : span, storey height etc. 2 4 for sizing of components requiring increment smaller than M
17
Submodules
Mh = 3M (300 mm)
the horizontal planning module for structural framework is based on the functional requirements of the building and the components to be used for economic design vertical planning module Mv = 1M (100 mm)
18
reference system modular grids : used mainly during planning / design stage modular planning grid : based on determined multi modules for design of structural framework modular components are placed in the modular grid
19
basic modular grid For small scale drawings to clarify relationship between components 1M x 1M
1M
1M
20
formed with intervals of multi modules squares with same intervals or rectangular used in key plans, showing layouts and positioning of main building components
nM
nM
21
nM
nM
22
tartan grids
interrupted modular planning grid band of interruptions are regularly spaced in both directions band of interruptions can be modular or non modular
nM nM
Tartan Grid
23
tartan grids
nM nM
Tartan Grid
24
3. with simple, uniform modular components, there is no conflict with the modular grid, however at connections, either grid must give way or special non modular components must be used
25
26
design
architectural design structural design services design
construction
production transportation Installation
designers manufacturers suppliers selection of components design of components decisions concerning position, dimensions, performance
catalogues of components
27
types of references
Modular reference systems enables designer to relate sensibly elements of constructionenvelope, horizontal and vertical elements boundary reference axial reference interaxial reference flush reference
28
boundary reference
coordinates the position of the building components determines the nominal size of components
boundary grid
placement of component within two Parallel modular coordinating grids or planes so that it fills the space or zone.
29
axial reference
coordinates the position of a components by placing the component so that the middle-axis coincides with a modular coordinating grid of plane
axial grid
30
interaxial reference
coordinates the position and dimension of building component by a reference
interaxial grid
31
Flush Reference
coordinates the position of components by placing one surface of the component flush on to a modular coordinating grid or plane
modular zone
flush grid
32
Coordinating Size coordinating spaces - accommodate components with allowance for joints and tolerances
coordinating size
work size
joint
33
deductions from coordinating sizes to accommodate allowance for jointing to coordinate components adjacent to one another considerations for determining work size manufacturing process stocking method transportation handling on site assembly other relevant cost
34
joints mc provides coordinating systems and effective mean for identifying suitable locations of components joints
35
tolerances modular coordination provides a coherent system of tolerance for building components and spaces concept of tolerance - certain degree of accuracy in production and placing (manufacture and assembly) considerations for tolerances product tolerance installation tolerances interfacing tolerance
36
preferred sizes
preferred sizes - to rationalise the prefabrication process and to keep cost down preferred sizes limit variations selection of preferred sizes to suit function construction method material of component
economic production
37
preferred sizes
38
communication
mc aids communication between participants in building process through established : basic principles terminology drafting conventions
39
terminology
coordination size : a size of component which accommodates the work size with allowances for joints and tolerances to permit assembly work size : manufactured size - a dimension used by manufacturer to ensure that the actual dimension lies between the maximum and minimum dimension preferred size : a size chosen for specific purposes technical or economic reasons
40
drafting conventions
modular reference plane modular axial plane modular coordinating dimensions
41
hierarchy of planning
not always possible to completely use modular preferred dimensions and sizes due to:
43
44
planning
MH = 3M (300mm)
external
n x 3M
internal
45
INTERAXIAL PLANING (Alternative 1) Cross walls and structural frames (beam and column) are
placed according to two alternatives:-
the structural part of the component is placed at the axis between two modular reference planes spaced at 3M apart.
3M
n x 3M
46
t1
n x 3M
47
Partitions
are placed flushed on either side of the modular reference plane or line
n x 3M
n x 3M
48
n x 3M
n x 3M INTERAXIAL PLANNING 3M
n x 3M BOUNDARY PLANNING t1
49
n x 3M 3M
50
n x 3M
modular size
51
n x 3M
t1
52
vertical planning
Floors are placed within a modular floor zone of n X M increments
MV = M (100mm)
n1 x M
n3 x M
n2 x M
53
54
vertical coordination
roof zone
Roof Zone
floor zone
Floor Zone Floor to Floor Height
storey height
55
vertical coordination
roof zone
Roof Zone
floor zone
Floor Zone Floor to Floor Height
storey height
56
vertical planning
modular floor plane coinciding with upper surface of floor covering
57
vertical planning
59
positions and sizes of components tolerances allowed between them and their coordinating spaces
60
62
non-monolithic 3-D components components are dimensioned within the horizontal and vertical planning modular increments. the load bearing and self bearing parts if any, are on the outside of the modular planes.
64
columns
basic dimensions - 3M / multiples of 3M dimensions fit into modular grid planning structural grid dimensions are for finished dimensions
n x 3M n x 3M n x 3M
n x 3M
BOUNDARY PLANNING
n x 3M
66
DISPLACEMENT OF GRID PLANNING
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
BOUNDARY PLANNING
n x 3M
columns
67
DISPLACEMENT OF GRID PLANNING
beams
beam depth are in the increments of M floor zone with false ceiling beams accommodated in floor zone beams depth only affect services, not walls / partition below
Floor Zone
68
Floor Zone
69
70
71
Floor slabs
depth in sub-modular increments of 0.5M or 0.25M precast slab-fit into structural grid :12M
Top of Floor Zone Screed Slab Floor Finish
False Ceiling
floor zone: space allocated for floor assembly extends from reference plane of ceiling to the finished floor surface above it ceiling accommodated within the floor zone composition may vary top of floor zone = top of floor finish base of floor zone - bottom of ceiling of the floor below
72
Floor Finish
Floor slabs
Slab
width n x 3M n x 6M n x 12M
n x 3M
Alternative 1
adaptation area
n x 3M
Alternative 2
nxM
nxM
74
width n x 3M n x 6M n x 12M
n x 3M
Alternative 1
adaptation area
n x 3M
nxM
nxM
Alternative 2
75
length of walls determined by planning grid dimensions and finished wall dimensions in cases wall do not fill the whole wall zone, where structure allows, wall should be lined with one side of the zone to minimise number of adaptation pieces
COMPONENT WALLS
76
Walls
COMPONENT WALLS
77
Doors
dimensions - for doorsets controlling spaces be preferred dimensions - to allow the doors be fitted without undue adjustments (adaptation pieces fitted in walls or partitions)
Floor Zone
n1 x 3M
n2 x 3M Door Component
78
Floor Zone
Doors
n1 x 3M
n2 x 3M Door Component
79
windows
dimensions - for windowsets sill reference plane may coincide with floor reference plane window head reference plane may coincide with ceiling reference plane
n x 3M
n x 3M
n x 3M
80
n x 3M
n x 3M
windows
n x 3M
81
stairs
length of flights and landing dimensions are modular goings, risers and widths of flights are as required by statutory requirements stairs located in between floor coordinating line top of stair coincides with top of floor zone
n x 3M
n x 3M
PLAN
n x 3M
TOP OF FLOOR ZONE
FLOOR ZONE
n x 3M
SECTION
82
n x 3M
PLAN
n x 3M
TOP OF FLOOR ZONE
FLOOR ZONE
n x 3M
n x 3M
stairs
83
Lift cores external dimensions be modular to relate to other elements more than one lift - whole assembly is treated as a single element
n1 x 3M n2x 3M
SINGLE LIFT
n1 x 3M
n1 x 3M
n2x 3M
n2x 3M
SINGLE LIFT
84
SINGLE LIFT
n1 x 3M
n2x 3M
n1 x 3M
SINGLE LIFT
n2x 3M
Lift cores
n1 x 3M
85
Example - Plan
86
Example Elevation
87
Example - Window
window sill ht
88
Close coordination at design stage resulted in highly buildable building More than 75% of precast columns, beams and slabs designed to one standardised size Many architectural features were modulated and precast for better quality and finish
89
90
Buildable Features Structural components standardised to a single size Precast elements - arched concrete lattices, ring water tanks, curved auditorium walls, perimeter fencing wall Buidability and aesthetics could be achieved without compromising one another
91
Buildable Features
92
YUSOF ISHAK SECONDARY SCHOOL High buildable design construction period shortened considerably Precast structural frame - precast columns, beams, hollow core slabs abd planks Architectural features - precast lightweight concrete panels, prefab, infill aluminum panels Structural steel truss, precast parapet, precision blocks, dry partition 93
94
THE FRENCH SCHOOL standardised grids and repetitive floor layouts, use of flat floor slabs resulted in less columns and bigger span integrated roof system, lightweight concrete blocks - no plastering needed, faster construction monospace lift - expedite construction and increase usable space
95
96
WOODSVALE
Modular horizontal and vertical grids, repetitive floor layouts, use of system formwork for efficiency Precast columns, beams, slabs and staircases - on-site and off-site RC external walls - use of jumping formwork enabled walls to be cast three storey ahead of each floor slab
97
WOODSVALE
98
Architect commissioned to design a maintenance-free building and create an elegant facade Flat floor slab system for free space, 90% of columns and beams standardise Full height glazing and metal cladding used as envelope for quality finish
99
100
Successful integration of cast stone and brick resulted in a building that was contextual to the existing campus the juxtaposition scale between cast stone and brick module and the playful movement between curved and orthogonal plane made for an exciting project
101
102
The proportion of massing and articulation of base, body and top contributed to the building monumental appearance The attention to detail and use of natural light made the building visually exciting and the consistency of colour and finish was well done
103
104
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY PARKING DECK Project commended for the ability to transform a difficult faade into a work of art. The window and bay patterns create a rhythm along the faade developing a human scale not often found in parking decks. The architectural faade is express as an applique to the concrete structural frame in a contemporary and genuine fashion was well done
105
106
THANK YOU
107