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where
Theorem. Let f(x) be a function defined and integrable on interval (1) If f(x) is even, then we have
and
and
This Theorem helps define the Fourier series for functions defined only on the interval . The main idea is to extend these functions to the interval then use the Fourier series definition. and
. Set
and
Then f1 is odd and f2 is even. It is easy to check that these two functions are defined and integrable on and are equal to f(x) on extension of f(x), while f2 is called its even extension. . The function f1 is called the odd
Definition. Let f(x), f1(x), and f2(x) be as defined above. (1) The Fourier series of f1(x) is called the Fourier Sine series of the function f(x), and is given by
where
(2) The Fourier series of f2(x) is called the Fourier Cosine series of the function f(x), and is given by
where
Example. Find the Fourier Cosine series of f(x) = x for Answer. We have
and
Therefore, we have
Example. Find the Fourier Sine series of the function f(x) = 1 for Answer. We have
Hence
Example. Find the Fourier Sine series of the function Answer. We have
for
Hence
Special Case of 2L-periodic periodic functions. As we did for -periodic periodic functions, we can define the Fourier Sine and Cosine series for functions defined on the interval [[ L,L]. First, recall the Fourier series of f(x)
where
for 1.
. Moreover, we have
and
Finally, we have
Finally, we have