The 2nd Subject

Logical Operations 2-branch Conditional Structures Many-branch Conditional Structures

LOGICS AND ALGORITHMS

by: Hendra Suprayogi, S.Kom., ST.

BOOLEAN TYPES

0
FALSE NO

1
TRUE YES

LOGICAL OPERATIONS

not
the inverter !!!

operators

or
one is enough !!!

and
mandatory !!!

LOGICAL TABLE (THE TRUTH TABLE)

not A

not B

A or B

A and B

FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE

FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE

TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE

TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE

FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE

FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE

2-BRANCH SELECTIONS (IF STRUCTURES)

IF CONDITION THEN ACTIONS_IF_TRUE END IF Y

CONDITION ?

N IF CONDITION THEN ACTIONS_IF_TRUE ELSE ACTIONS_IF_FALSE END IF

MANY-BRANCH SELECTIONS (CASE STRUCTURES)

CASE SELECTOR OF VALUE_1: ACTIONS_1 VALUE_2: ACTIONS_2 ... VALUE_N: ACTIONS_N END CASE 1

CASE SELECTOR OF

ELSE N

CASE SELECTOR OF VALUE_1: ACTIONS_1 VALUE_2: ACTIONS_2 ... VALUE_N: ACTIONS_N ELSE ACTIONS_ELSE END CASE

2
3

EXAMPLE #1 INPUT CONSTRAINTS

inputing the score between 0 and 100

BEGIN OUTPUT('PLEASE GIVE ME A SCORE 0-100 > ') INPUT(SCORE) IF SCORE 0 THEN IF SCORE 100 THEN OUTPUT('INPUT CORRECT!', CR) ELSE OUTPUT('INPUT OUT OF RANGE!', CR) END IF ELSE OUTPUT('INPUT OUT OF RANGE!', CR) END IF END. BEGIN OUTPUT('PLEASE GIVE ME A SCORE 0-100 > ') INPUT(SCORE) IF (SCORE 0) AND (SCORE 100) THEN OUTPUT('INPUT CORRECT!', CR) ELSE OUTPUT('INPUT OUT OF RANGE!', CR) END IF END.

EXAMPLE #2 GRADE YOURSELF!!!

grading to the STIKIs policy

BEGIN OUTPUT('PLEASE GIVE ME A SCORE 0-100 > ') INPUT(SCORE) IF (SCORE 0) AND (SCORE 100) THEN OUTPUT('YOU HAVE GOT ') IF SCORE 80 THEN OUTPUT('A', CR) ELSE IF SCORE 75 THEN OUTPUT('B+', CR) ELSE IF SCORE 70 THEN OUTPUT('B', CR) ELSE IF SCORE 61 THEN OUTPUT('C+', CR) ELSE IF SCORE 56 THEN OUTPUT('C', CR) ELSE IF SCORE 75 THEN OUTPUT('D', CR) ELSE OUTPUT('E', CR) END IF END IF END IF END IF END IF END IF ELSE OUTPUT('INPUT OUT OF RANGE!', CR) END IF END.

EXAMPLE #3 GRADE YOURSELF!!! (CASE VERSION)

grading to the STIKIs policy

BEGIN OUTPUT('PLEASE GIVE ME A SCORE 0-100 > ') INPUT(SCORE) IF (SCORE 0) AND (SCORE 100) THEN OUTPUT('YOU HAVE GOT ') CASE TRUNC(SCORE) OF 80..100: OUTPUT('A', CR) 75..79: OUTPUT('B+', CR) 70..74: OUTPUT('B', CR) 61..69: OUTPUT('C+', CR) 56..60: OUTPUT('C', CR) 40..55: OUTPUT('D', CR) ELSE OUTPUT('E', CR) END CASE ELSE OUTPUT('INPUT OUT OF RANGE!', CR) END IF END.

EXAMPLE #4 GRADE YOURSELF!!! (PURE CASE VERSION)

grading to the STIKIs policy

BEGIN OUTPUT('PLEASE GIVE ME A SCORE 0-100 > ') INPUT(SCORE) OUTPUT('YOU HAVE GOT ') CASE TRUNC(SCORE) OF 80..100: OUTPUT('A', CR) 75..79: OUTPUT('B+', CR) 70..74: OUTPUT('B', CR) 61..69: OUTPUT('C+', CR) 56..60: OUTPUT('C', CR) 40..55: OUTPUT('D', CR) 0..39: OUTPUT('E', CR) ELSE OUTPUT('YOUR INPUT OUT OF RANGE!', CR) END CASE END.

ROUTINE TASKS Find out the area of a circle, filter the inputs as neccessary. Find out the area of a triangle, filter the inputs as neccessary. Find out the area of a rectangle, filter the inputs as neccessary. Find out the area of a circle, a triangle, or a rectangle, accessed via a menu, and filter the inputs as neccessary. Find out the y-value from given x-value of

f ( x) 3 x 3 5 x 2 2 x 6
Find out the y-value from given x-value and a, b, c, and d of

f ( x) ax3 bx 2 cx d

WHATS NEXT?

repetitive statements (while, repeat, for), flow control, iteration, ...