MATHEMATICS TRIGONOMETRY SUMMARY 1.

Basic Trigonometric Ratios sin =

opposite hypotenuse 1 sin

cos =

adjacent hypotenuse 1 cos

tan =

opposite adjacent 1 tan

cosec =

sec =

cot =

2.

Complementary Ratios sin(90 ) = cos cos(90 ) = sin tan(90 ) = cot

3.

Pythagorean Identities tan =

sin cos

cot = **

cos sin

sin2 + cos2 = 1 sin2 = 1 cos2 cos2 = 1 sin2 1 + tan2 = sec2 1 + cot2 = cosec2 4. The Sine Rule

(on rearranging **) (on rearranging **) (on dividing ** by cos2) (on dividing ** by sin2)

This is used in triangles which are not right-angled. It is used when given two sides and two angles, one of which is unknown.
a sin A

b sin B

c sin C

5.

The Cosine Rule This is used in triangles which are not right-angled. It is used when given three sides and one angle, one of which is unknown. To fine a side: To find an angle: a2 = b2 + c2 2bcCosA cos A =
b2 + c2 a2 2bc

6.

The Area of a Triangle This is used in triangles which are not right-angled. It is used when given two sides and the included angle.
1 Area = absinC 2

EXTENSION 1 TRIGONOMETRY SUMMARY 1. Compound Angles sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB cos(A + B) = cosA cosB sinA sinB tan(A + B) = 2.
tanA + tanB 1 tanAtanB

sin(A B) = sinA cosB cosA sinB cos(A B) = cosA cosB + sinA sinB tan(A B) =
tanA tanB 1+ tanAtanB

Double Angle Formulae sin2A = 2sinA cosA cos2A = cos2A sin2A cos2A = 1 2sin2A cos2A = 2cos2A 1
2tanA 1 tan2 A 1 and on rearranging this gives: cos2A = (1 + cos2A) 2 1 and on rearranging this gives: sin2A = (1 cos2A) 2

tan2A = 3.

The t Formulae Given that t = tan

2t 1+ t2 x 2

:
1 t2 1+ t2 2t 1 t2

sin x = 4.

cos x =

tan x =

Subsidiary Angle Method Angles of the form asin + bcos = c can be solved using the subsidiary method. They are written in the form Rsin( + ) where: R = a2 + b 2 and tan =

a
b

and is acute.

Note: There are different forms of the original equation, 5. General Solution for Trigonometric Equations If sin = sin then the general solution is = 180n + (1)n If cos = cos then the general solution is = 360n If tan = tan then the general solution is = 180n +