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Oral Mucosa
tissue which lines the mouth protection for the body from infection and debris producing secretions such as mucus absorbing materials introduced into the mouth The color of the oral mucosa can vary, depending on the skin color of the body Pale pink darker pink - brown
Oral Mucosa
1. Str. Basale
2. Str. Spinosum 3. Str. Granulosum 4. Str. Corneum
Keratinization
The hard surface of some mucosa: the top of the mouth (hard palate), the gums (gingivae), the bottom of the tongue (dorsum of the tongue) = inflexible, tough, resistant to abrasion, and tightly bound to the underlying tissue.
Non-keratinization
The process of keratinisation does not take place in all areas of the mouth : the lips, soft palate (back of the mouth), floor of the mouth, ventral surface of tongue (top of the tongue), alveolar mucosa (near the gums)
Cheek Biting
a person has a chronic habit biting the buccal mucosa lines the inner surface of the cheek, thickness inculcate quite early on in life
Tx : - Eliminate the lesion - Diasepam 5-10 mg at bedtime - Plastic occlusal nightguard DD : - White sponge nevus - Chemical burn
Linea Alba
Depend on degree of keratinization & thickness of str. Corneum hard palate, gingiva (mucosa overlies bone), soft palate, cheeks, lips, ventral surface of tongue (mucosa does not overlies bone) Exception buccal mucosa : line keratinization parallel to the line of occlusion Degree of keratinization : effect of smoking, food texture, environmental irritant
Linea alba
gingival margin and dorsum of the tongue are almost never affected. There is no treatment, but because there are no serious clinical complications, the prognosis is excellent
untreated and should not cause any strong concerns considered normal, 80% of adults have these granules Increases with age and is not correlated with systemic atherosclerosis or smoking do not cause pain, if become painful check with a doctor or dentist
Alpha hydroxyl medications Eating a healthy diet and having enough vitamin intake daily could help with the condition the condition under control by having good oral hygiene vitamin (such as E, A, or K) natural ingredients such as sage extract, vitamin E acetate, and sesame extract eliminates the excess secretions daily use it smoothes the skin
Leukoedema
Variation of normal anatomy Normally palpasion, exhibit grayish white, slightly folded, opalecent appearance Change temporarily eliminate by stretching Histo : epithel thicker, cell superficial str, spinosum contain glycogen/ mucopolysacharide H&E vacuolated
Occasional patients show fine grooves or folds crisscrossing the macule Prevalence : adult 15-35 years old (begin early as 3-5 years of age) Males 2x females tobacco use & smoking DD : white sponge nevus, leukoplakia biopsy
Leukoedema
Melanotic lesion
Prevalence
Diag Fordyce Number 17.7 per 1,000 Males 5.2 Females 9.7 BMG Cheek bt Leuko 3.4 1.7 0.4 3.0 3.1 1.4 1.2 0.3 0.3
The Elderly
Biologic factors adaptive mechanism & tissue regenerative The jaws, the tooth supporting str, oral mucosa, the tongue, salivary gland The changes in reaction of stress and process of healing The soft oral tissue: tolerance to irritant ; adaptive capacity ; repair potentialities Elasticity mucosa more friable & easily injured
Excess deposits of melanin can cause dark spots or patches on the gums (melanin gingival hyperpigmentation)
reflection of pathologic influences, such as the melanin pigmentation associated with hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's disease), nevi, and depositions of heavy metals. See also melanin and melanosis.
Pigmentation/ discoloration
Arteria coronaria
Scalloped tongue
Varicocities lingual
Fissure Tongue
Varicosities, lingual 3.5 3.4 3.5 Fissured tongue 3.5 3.1 3.2 Benign migratory glossitis 3.4 3.0 3.1Chronic cheek bite 0.7 1.4 1.2 Leukoedema 0.4 0.3 0.3