Let us consider a reaction involving four gases A,B,K and L...

aA(g) + bB(g) = kK(g) + lL(g)

where a,b,k and l are the number of moles of the reactants and products as shown in the
stoichiometric equation. For one mole of an ideal gas if the pressure is changed from P
1
to P
2
the
difference in free energy change is given by,
0
2
0
1
= RIln
P
2
P
1
.................................................................(1)
If P
1
=1 atmosphere, i.e., the gas is in its standard state, then 0
1
=0
0
=free energy of the gas at its
standard state. Hence it follows from equation (1) that,
Free energy of moles of A= a0
A
= a0
0
A
+oRIlnP
A

Free energy of moles of B= b0
B
= b0
0
B
+bRIlnP
B

Free energy of moles of K= k0
K
= k0
0
K
+kRIlnP
K

Free energy of moles of L= l0
L
= l0
0
L
+lRIlnP
L

In these equations P
A
,P
B
,P
K
and P
L
are the partial pressures of the species. The free energy change
for the reaction is given by,
uu = 0
poducts
0
cuctunts

= k0
K
+l0
L
o0
A
b0
B

= (k0
0
K
+l0
0
L
) (o0
0
A
+b0
0
B
) + RIln
(P
K
)
k
(P
L
)
l
(P
A
)
c
(P
B
)
b

uu = u0
0
+RIln
(P
K
)
k
(P
L
)
l
(P
A
)
c
(P
B
)
b
........................................................................................(2)
when the system has reached equilibrium and the pressures are the equilibrium values u0
(cucton)
=
u and equation (2) becomes,

u0
0
= RIln
(P
K
)
k
(P
L
)
l
(P
A
)
c
(P
B
)
b

But equilibrium constant, K
p
=
(P
K
)
k
(P
L
)
l
(P
A
)
c
(P
B
)
b
for the reaction at equilibrium. Hence
u0
0
= RIlnK
p

This is the relation between the free energy change and the equilibrium constant.