EE 494/544 Class 3

Voltage Drop Calculations

Diversity Factor Revisited

Maximum _ Non Coincident _ Demand Diversity _ Factor Maximum _ Diversified _ Demand

kWn
Diversity _ Factor 1

37.76 1.42 26.64 26.64

To Make it Work
Develop Table of Diversity Factors for your utility by customer class Perform load survey on sample customers to determine equation relating kWh consumption to maximum kW demand

Problem 2.3 Spreadsheet

Voltage Drop Calculations

N1
5000'

N2

2500'

N3

T1

T2

10

11

12

Line Segment Voltage Drop

R + VS VR VS ( R jX ) I

jX I + VR -

Transformer Voltage Drop

n t: 1 H1
+ + +

t
+

X1

I1 VS H2 E1
-

2 VR
-

E2
-

E1 VS E1 E2 nt

I 2 nt I1 VR E2 Zt I 2

X2

Single-Phase Transformer Data

Rated kVA Rated high and low side voltages Per-unit impedance based upon transformer ratings Question is how to compute actual transformer impedance reference to the low voltage winding

Transformer Impedance
Zbaselow
2 Vlow

kVA 1000 Ztlow Zt per unit Zbaselow

Problem 2.3.10a
Solve for the voltages taking diversity into account

kVA Load Allocation

Compute maximum diversified demand at the source (this could be the metered maximum demand at the source) Compute the total connected transformer kVA (sum of all transformer kVAs)

kVA Load Allocation

Source _ max_ kVA _ demand AF Total _ connected _ kVA

Transformer kVA Demand

Load _ kVAtransformer AF kVArating

Problem 2.3.10b
Compute the voltages using the kVA load allocation method

Constant Current Load Allocation

Compute or meter the source current Customer constant current load will be the source current divided by the total number of customers

Constant Customer kVA

Source _ max_ I _ demand I customer Total _ number _ of _ customers

Problem 2.3.10c
Solve for the voltages using the constant current allocation method

Customer Constant kVA

Source _ max_ kVA _ demand kVAcustomer Total _ number _ of _ customers

Homework #2
Problem 2.5 (total)