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Overview Of the Skeletal SyStem

Overview of the Skeletal System

Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0018-00-01

L ab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor.

Purpose
What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken.

Exercise 1: The Chemical Components of Bone Questions

A. Describe the effect that the lemon juice (acid) had on the chicken leg bone.
Although it had no visible effects, the bone became soft and more fragile. With not too much pressure being applied, the bone began to bend and crack.

B. Describe the effect that baking (heat) had on the chicken leg bone.
bending or breaking at all.

The bone did not seem to change much. When applying pressure, there was no chance of it

C. Rickets is a disease where the bones are not formed completely in children due to a lack of Vitamin D. Does the heated or acid-soaked bone represent a child with rickets? Explain why.
a bone that The acid-soaked bone represents a child with Rickets. The bone is soft and fragile, similar to that of has not formed completely from a lack of vitamin D.

Exercise 2: Microscopic Structure of Bone obseRvations

Observe the structure of the Haversian system. Sketch what is seen and
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Overview Of the Skeletal SyStem

identify the following: central canal, lacunae, concentric lamellae, canaliculi and an osteocyte.

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Questions

Overview Of the Skeletal SyStem

A. Which part of the Haversian system was the hardest to see on the slide of compact bone? Why do you suppose this is?
The osteocyte because our microscopes are not strong enough to see such fine details.

B. Which structures in the compact bone deliver nutrients to the osteocytes?

Canaliculi deliver nutrients to osteocytes through haversian canal.

C. Which structures are found inside the central canal?

the body.

Perforating canals are found inside the central canal, which bring in the blood and nutrients from

Exercise 3: Structure of a Long Bone

obseRvations
A. From step 4 in the procedures Observe the epiphysis. Identify as many of the following structures as possible: articular cartilage, compact bone, spongy bone and bone marrow. Make a sketch of the bone in the Lab Report and label the structures you identified.

B. From step 5 in the procedures Observe the section of diaphysis. Identify as many of the following structures as possible: periosteum, compact bone, endosteum and bone marrow. Make a sketch of the diaphysis in the Lab Report and label the structures you identified.

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Questions

Overview Of the Skeletal SyStem

A. How does the femur of the skeletal model compare to the diagrams in your textbook or this manual?
models than Different details, for example, the periosteum is easier to see in diagrams or on higher detailed the ones we use.

B. Using your chicken bone, how does the texture of articular cartilage (or hyaline cartilage) compare to that of periosteum? Note: Articular cartilage (made of hyaline cartilage) is found on the ends of the bones. It absorbs compression and allows for smooth movement.
little rougher.

The texture of the articular cartilage is almost that of a waxy substance, while the periosteum is a

C. What is the function of spongy bone?

to blood The spongy bone is the site of blood cell formation. It contains red bone marrow, which gives rise cells that are released into the circulatory system.

D. What makes compact bone hard?

The cells in compact bone are very tightly packed into a solid mass making it much harder than spongy bone, which has large open spaces between cells.

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Overview Of the Skeletal SyStem

A. Using the key, identify each type of cartilage described below: Key: 1 3 2 2 3 1. elastic 2. hyaline 3. 1. The external ear 2. Between the vertebrae 3. Articular cartilage 4. Found in the trachea 5. Connects ribs to sternum fibrocartilage 1 6. Most flexible 2 7. Most abundant 3 8. Meniscus in the knee 3 9. Resists compression 1 10. The epiglottis

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Exercise 5: Classification of Bones

A. Classify each bone in the table by marking an x in the appropriate box.

Bone Long X Femur X Phalanges Ribs Frontal (skull) Calcaneus(h eel) X Tibia Carpals (wrist) Patella

Short

Flat

Irregular

X X X X X

Conclusions: What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta and how does it relate to your study of bone tissue? Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a condition causing extremely fragile bones. It is a genetic disorder that causes a persons bones to break easily, often from little or no apparent trauma.

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