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Integumentary SyStem

Integumentary System
Laszlo Vass, Ed.D. Version 42-0280-00-01

L ab RepoRt assistant
This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiments questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate students writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor. Purpo se: What is the purpose of this exercise? Are there any safety concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken.

Exercise 1: Structures of the Skin

obseRvations
Before beginning, set up a data table similar to this Data Table 1. Fill in the names of the numbered structures.

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Skin Diagram (National Library of Medicine at http://nih.nlm.gov)

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Data Table 1: Structures of Skin Item Name

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Hair Shaft Arrector Pili Muscle Sebaceous Gland Hair Follicle Sweat Gland Pacinian Corpuscle Subcutis (Hypodermis) Dermis Epidermis Sensory Nerve Ending Dermal Papilla Sweat Pore

Questions
A. How does the skin tan when exposed to ultraviolet light?
to tan In response to ultraviolet radiation exposure. Melanin provides protection to deeper cells from ultraviolet radiation. Melanin also allows the skin

B. Describe the functions of the epidermis.

Functions The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin consisting of keratinized squamous epithelium. include: tanning of skin, sense of touch, waterproofing, and immunity protection.

C. Describe the functions of the sweat glands.

Sweat glands regulate body temperature and also release pheromones (generated from sex hormones).

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D. Compare the structure of the epidermis to that of the dermis.

the palms The dermis varies in thickness just like the epidermis and mirrors the epidermis being thicker on of the hands and soles of the feet and thinner on other areas of the body.

E. Fill in the following table by either inserting the name of the structure/cell or by giving its function(s): Structure/Cell
Melanocytes

Function(s) Makes a pigment for tanning

Involved in immune response

Langerhans cells
Merkel Cells

Found on nerve endings

Thin layer of flattened keratinocytes only found in thick skin

Stratum lucidum
Papillary Layer

The blood supply here provides radiational cooling for the body

Exercise 2: Microscopic Structure of the Skin

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Sketch and label your keratinized stratified squamous epithelium slide in the space below. Be sure to label all of the structures in the epidermis and dermis you were able to find:

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Integumentary SyStem

A. Compare your slide to the photomicrograph example in the lab procedure. How are they the same and how are they different? Propose a reason why you would see several differences between different slides of skin.
The samples could very likely be from different parts of the skin from different areas in the body.

B. What is keratin?
Keratin is a specialized protein that provides the protective barrier the skin needs.

C. Why keratinized?

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The keratinized skin protects the body from 70% of all infectious bacteria and viruses it touches.

Exercise 3: Clinical Conditions of the Skin

Questions
A. What are the three types of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma, and Melanoma.

B. Which type of skin cancer is easily treatable? Basal cell carcinoma C. Explain why melanoma is so dangerous.
skin develop from. These growths develop when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells triggers mutations that lead the cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors. Also, melanomas often resemble moles, where some

D. What factors can cause acne?

The exact cause is unknown. Doctors believe that high hormone levels are the main factor. Heredity as well as stress and certain drugs are other factors.

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Integumentary SyStem E. What is a common myth about the cause of acne?

Common myths that are not true about the cause of acne include eating chocolate, eating greasy foods and having dirty skin.

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F. What are some treatments for acne?

topical or oral. Acne is usually treated by a dermatologist. They usually use medication for treatment, either

G. Describe the signs of first, second and third degree burns.

complete First- effects epidermis. Second- damages epidermis and dermis. Third- Involves damage or destruction to the fullest depth of the skin and underlying tissues. People often require skin grafts.

H. What are the principle effects of aging on the skin? Sun exposure is the main cause of skin damage. Other factors contributing to skin aging include the loss of fatty tissue between your skin and muscle, stress, gravity, daily facial movement, and obesity.

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