Simultaneous Equations

(Linear and non-linear equations)

Simple Solving equations With fraction

x+y=3
Identify linear and
non-linear equations.
Solve simultaneous 2x + y = 5
equations using the
substitution method. Change to a non-fraction
equation by finding the
common denominator.

Single equation

Separate to form two equations:

One linear and one non-linear

Solve simultaneous equations

involving real-life situations
1. Identify linear and non-linear equations
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4

Linear equation Non-linear equation

1 x + 2y =1
x 2 + 4 y 2 = 13
2

2. Express x or y as the subject.

x as the subject y as the subject
1 x +2y =1
x2 +4y2 =13

3. Substitude the unknown into the non-linear equation to obtain a quadratic equation with one unknown only.

2
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4
1 x = 1− 2y
x 2 + 4 y 2 = 13
2 x=6+y

3 y=x–1

4 y = 4x – 8

5 x = 2y - 1

4. Expand the following.

1 (1 + 2x)² 2 (6 + y) ²

3. ( 2x - 3)² 4. (x – 3)²

5.
(7 + 2 y ) 2 6. 6 + 2y 2
( )
5

5x − 6 2 4 + 3y 2
7 ( ) 8. ( )
2 3

3
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4

ax 2 + bx + c = 0
5. Write the equation in the general form

1. x² + 6x – (x – 1) = –3 2. 3 x² – x(6x+1) = 6

3. 2x² – 4x – (4x – 8) = 0 4. y = ( 6 + y )² – 7y + 10

5. (2y – 1)y + (2y – 1)² = 26 6. (1-2y)² + 4y² = 13

5x − 6 3 y + 15 2
7. 2 x( ) − 6x2 = 5 8. 8( ) − 27 y 2 = 45
2 4

4
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4

6. Change the equation into a non-fraction equation.

1. 2.
3 4
+ =3
x y

3. 4.
x 2y
+ =11
y x

−b ± b 2 −4ac
7. Using the formula x = to solve the equation.
2a

1. 6 x 2 + 5x − 1 = 0 2. x 2 − 4x + 3 = 0
a= ,b= ,c= a= ,b= ,c=

1. 8 y 2 + 11 y + 3 = 0 2. p 2 + 2 p − 26 = 0
a= ,b= ,c= a= ,b= ,c=

5
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4
8. Find the value of y with the given value of x.
1. y = 5 – x. 2 y=9+x

When x = 3, what is the value of y? When x = –5, what is the value of y?

3. y = x – 4. 4. . y = 3 - 3x.

When x = 4.196, what is the value of y? When x = 2, what is the value of y?

5. y = – 4 – 2x. 2. y=–6–x

When x = –4.562 , what is the value of y? When x = –0.438, what is the value of y?

Pointers
Step 1:
Arrange the linear equation so that one of the unknowns become the subject of the equation.

Step 2:
Substitute the new equation from step 1 into the non-linear equation.
A quadratic equation in one unknown will be formed.

Step 3:
Solve the quadratic equation by factorization or using formula.

Step 4:
Substitute the value of the unknown obtained from step 3 into the linear equation to find the value of the other
unknown.

6
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4
Exercise

2003 2004
1. Solve the simultaneous equations 1. Solve the simultaneous equation
4 x + y = −8 and x2 + x − y = 2 . [5] p−m= 2 and p 2 + 2m = 8 .
Give your answers correct to three decimal
places. [5]

( x = -2, -3 ; y = 0, 4) (m = 0.606, p = 2.606 ; m = -6.606, p = -4.606)

7
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4

2005 2006
1. Solve the simultaneous equations 1. Solve the simultaneous equation
1 2x + y = 1 and 2 x 2 + y 2 + xy = 5 .
x+ y =1 and y 2 − 10 = 2 x . [5]
2 Give your answers correct to three decimal
places. [5]

( x= 1.443, y=-1.886 or x = -0.693, y = 2.386)

( y = - 4 or 3, x = 3 or − 12 )

8
4 Simultaneous Equations Additional M athematics Form 4

2007 2008
1. Solve the simultaneous equations 1. Solve the simultaneous equation
x − 3y + 4 = 0
[5]
x 2 + xy − 40 = 0
[5]

(x = 3,1 and y = 3, -1) ( x = -6, y = − 3 ; x = 5, y = 3)

2